Geography

Six books, and again only two boards: Punjab publishes Geography 6, 7 and 8 in English, KP publishes the same three grades in Urdu, and Sindh has no separate Geography at all. As with History, every comparison is Punjab against KP with half the evidence theme-grade.

This is the most technocratic subject in the corpus. A1 is 1 in five of the six volumes, A5 is 1 in all six, and A2 is 5 in all six. Punjab's class-6 book is overwhelmingly physical geography — rocks, mountains, climatic regions, forests, natural disasters — with a strong technical strand on GIS, remote sensing, GPS and cartography. Its class-7 volume is about sixty per cent human and economic geography and unusually well supplied with real statistics: agriculture at 22.7 per cent of GDP and 37.4 per cent of the labour force, 83 per cent of cultivable area canal-dependent, the 2017 census at 63 per cent rural. Its class-8 volume is the most climate-forward book in the whole corpus, with 47 mentions of climate change and 38 of global warming, the 2022 floods, the Thar drought and the Paris agreement named — though one discordant "Diverging Views of Global Warming" passage tells pupils warming is not a major issue to most people, and the class-7 book's climate diplomacy is dated, naming only Copenhagen 2009.

KP's volumes are structurally the more complete sequence. Its class-6 book, written by University of Peshawar geographers, has both a full cartography chapter and a full population chapter built on the 2017 census with provincial density tables, age-sex structure and internal migration — the two things both examined Punjab volumes lack entirely. Its class-7 volume splits cleanly into six chapters of systematic physical geography and five of Pakistan's economic geography, hooking densely into the province: Gadoon-Amazai, Karak gas, Orakzai coal, Swat emeralds, the Warsak dam, Bannu woollens. Its class-8 volume is one of the four KP books genuinely rebuilt on the 2022 curriculum, copyrighted to the National Book Foundation in Islamabad rather than authored provincially — and it contains no KP-specific section anywhere, teaching development through indicators, HDI credited to Mahbub ul Haq, and an explicit Norway-versus-Pakistan comparison table.

Two ideological intrusions exist, and both are Punjab's. Geography 6 reproduces colonial racial ethnography as present-tense fact — "Wild people with small height lives in Congo. People are uncivilized", Amazonians "known as Red Indians", Arctic peoples "Eskimos" — and then recycles it as an examinable MCQ whose distractor set is "a. Pathan b. Red Indians c. Eskimos d. African". It is the corpus's only band-4 othering finding with no counterpart in either other board, in an SNC-branded volume printed 1 March 2022, and it attracts none of the scrutiny the Hindu passages attract. Geography 8's one overtly ideological feature is the stamped map label "INDIAN ILLEGALLY OCCUPIED JAMMU & KASHMIR".

Gender is the extreme case in the corpus: Punjab's three geography volumes contain zero female-marked tokens across 52,827 words — three of only five English-medium files anywhere in the corpus with none at all. Absent besides: any population or demography chapter in Punjab, any civic content anywhere (every "Constitution" hit in Punjab's volumes is the AJK map disclaimer), and any religious content beyond a bismillah. Geography, like History, ends as a named subject at class 8 and is absorbed into Pakistan Studies at 9 and 10, so it has no class-10 gap. Confidence: high for Punjab; low for all three KP volumes, whose A2 5, A7 5 and A5 1 scores are absence claims on Nastaliq OCR and should be read as not established rather than demonstrated. KP's class-7 imprint page did not survive, and Punjab's class-7 chapter 2 and 4 titles are unrecoverable through watermark damage.