Overview / Findings / Othering
Pakistani religious minorities are the one out-group every board treats in the pluralist half
On minorities within Pakistan, all boards sit at the tolerant end — the clearest shared positive norm the study found. The West is not an out-group at all: Britain functions as a purely historical adversary.
This is the corpus's clearest shared positive norm, and it holds even in the harshest books. KP's Pakistan Studies 9 — the same volume with a section on Hindu teachers — runs a heading “6. EQUAL RIGHTS OF MINORITIES” at p. 11. Punjab's History 8 gives two full pages with photographs to “Role of Minorities in the Establishment of Pakistan” (pp. 68–69), and its Pakistan Studies 9 states that “All the minorities living in Pakistan shall be fully protected” (p. 8). Britain, meanwhile, is a purely historical adversary and the West is not an out-group at all. Hostility in these books is directed outward at India, not inward at Pakistani minorities.
What the books say
Each entry below is the catalogue's own record for that book on that
axis, printed as it stands. Pages marked PDF p. are counted from the first page of the scanned file, which is how most of this corpus was read; pages marked printed p. are the folio printed on the paper. The two differ by however many unnumbered cover leaves a volume carries, so the label matters when you go to check.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 9 quoted A6 Othering intensity PDF p. 95 English, page-verified
Bloc characterisation, one section-heading deep: "7. NEGATIVE ROLE OF HINDU TEACHERS — After establishment of Pakistan, unfortunately, Bangali Muslims had always been backward in education than Hindus. The Hindu teachers were in majority in schools and colleges. They prepared the minds of new generations to rebel against the ideology of Pakistan." (p.95). Also "the Hindu majority and the anti-Muslim [Congress]" (p.13); "the permanent domination of Hindu[s]" (p.24); "for Muslims to finish the Hindu Muslim enmity forever" (p.19) — though that same page adds "Interestingly, this idea was supported by some Hindu leaders including Lala Lajpat Rai."
Punjab History 8 quoted A6 Othering intensity printed p. 20 publisher text
Bloc noun with collective disposition, carried past 1947. "In the beginning, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan made efforts for Hindu-Muslim unity which could not be successful due to the negative attitude of Hindus." (p.20). "Hindus' mentality was exposed as they were not ready to accommodate Muslims." (p.52). "The Quit India meant the withdrawal of the British Government from India and handing over powers to Hindus. Hindus, in their majority provinces, created the problem of law and order by setting Government-buildings on fire and disconnecting electric wires" and "Hindus would never provide justice to Muslims." (p.65). Causes of the 1965 war open with: "Pakistan was established against the wishes of Hindus. They had never accepted Pakistan as an independent country. Progress and stability of Pakistan was a major concern for Hindus. So, they started launching aggressive actions against Pakistan." (p.87). Pirpur Report allegations reported as fact (p.58); Congress ministries "planned to eliminate the identity of the Muslims" (p.58).
Punjab Pakistan Studies 9 quoted A6 Othering intensity PDF p. 18 English, page-verified
Trans-historical enmity, taught as examinable content. "In 1867, while exposing the enmity of Hindus against Muslims, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan had clearly declared:" — with the keyed option "(c) Hindus are not our friends." (p.18). "Quaid-e-Azam with his towering personality, overcame many problems created after independence. The Hindus tried to create all kinds of difficulties for Pakistan… and the ill-treatment of the Muslims by the Hindus" (p.37). "After the establishment of Pakistan, Hindu-Muslim riots had become common due to the hatred of Hindus towards the Muslims in India." (p.39). 1971 causes: "(ii) Impact of Hindus on Trade and Services… they were stirring up separation sentiments under hidden motives"; "(iv) Role of Hindu Teachers — Education sector in East Pakistan was totally under the control of the Hindus. They poisoned the Bengalis against Pakistan" (p.56). Arya Samaj "aimed at forcibly converting non-Hindus into Hindus" (p.4).
Boards and confidence
PunjabSindhKhyber Pakhtunkhwa high confidence
Confidence reflects the evidence tier this rests on. High means native or
English-medium text verified by exact string match; medium means it depends partly on
Urdu-medium material read at theme grade, or on an absence. See the method.
Source
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 9, printed 2024-25 edition — PDF p. 95; Punjab History 8, 2022-23 edition — printed p. 20; Punjab Pakistan Studies 9, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 18
Cite this finding
Textbook Evidence Project, “Pakistani religious minorities are the one out-group every board treats in the pluralist half”. Evidence from 3 textbooks (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab). Corpus version 210 records. Retrieved from https://textbookevidence.com/findings/minorities-shared-norm/
Two citations are appropriate here, not one. The line above cites this
finding. If you are quoting the textbook passage itself, cite the book — its full
bibliographic record, edition and approval reference is on its own page, linked from each
evidence entry above — and say that you found it here.
Challenge this finding
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checked. If the citation is wrong, the edition is misidentified, the passage is quoted
unfairly, or the finding does not survive its own evidence, that is worth reporting and it
will be acted on whether or not the correction is convenient for the argument. Corrections
are logged publicly in the corrections log; this applies
fully to the boards themselves.
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