{
  "_about": "Textbook Evidence Project — full dataset.",
  "_license": "CC BY 4.0. Attribute to the Textbook Evidence Project. The textbook PDFs themselves are not included and are not ours to redistribute.",
  "_caveats": [
    "Scores are measured properties of text, not verdicts on any board, author or teacher.",
    "Urdu and Sindhi material is theme-grade: usable for structure and proper nouns, never quoted.",
    "Historical editions (board PTB-H) are catalogued, never scored.",
    "Axis coverage is uneven by design; check the n before quoting any mean."
  ],
  "_counts": {
    "booksTotal": 210,
    "booksCurrent": 167,
    "booksHistorical": 43,
    "findings": 46
  },
  "axes": [
    {
      "id": "A1",
      "slug": "religious-saturation",
      "name": "Religious saturation",
      "lens": "religion",
      "short": "Religious content and framing in books that are not Islamiyat.",
      "poles": [
        "No religious content beyond a conventional bismillah",
        "Subject matter is subordinated to religious instruction"
      ],
      "reverse": false,
      "question": "How much religion does a pupil meet in subjects that are not religious education?",
      "why": "Islamiyat is religious by definition, so it says nothing about a curriculum's character. What a science, geography or language book does with religion is the measurable choice. This axis counts that and nothing else; Islamiyat is scored separately on A1b for register.",
      "bands": [
        "Nothing beyond a conventional bismillah or imprint-page formula.",
        "Isolated or incidental religious reference; no dedicated religious lesson, chapter or section.",
        "At least one dedicated religious lesson, chapter or section, plus recurrent reference elsewhere.",
        "Religion occupies the book's opening slot, or roughly a fifth of its units, or providential causation is asserted in the book's own voice.",
        "Subject matter is subordinated to religious instruction."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "A2",
      "slug": "civic-thickness",
      "name": "Civic thickness",
      "lens": "civics",
      "short": "Constitution, rights, elections, dissent — and whether the pupil is addressed as a citizen.",
      "poles": [
        "Constitution, rights instruments, elections, civil society and dissent all taught",
        "No civic content; ideology occupies the slot"
      ],
      "reverse": true,
      "question": "Is the pupil taught to be a citizen, or taught about a state?",
      "why": "This is the only axis that is reverse-scored, so 1 is the thickest civics and 5 the thinnest. It is scored only where civic content is plausibly in scope — a chemistry book is not penalised for lacking a constitution.",
      "bands": [
        "Constitution, rights instruments, elections, civil society and dissent all taught.",
        "Substantial civic content; some instruments taught.",
        "Civic content present but thin, or purely institutional.",
        "Civic content residual; the state is described, the citizen is not empowered.",
        "No civic content; ideology occupies the slot."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "A3",
      "slug": "inquiry",
      "name": "Inquiry vs received truth",
      "lens": "history",
      "short": "Whether contested questions are presented as contested.",
      "poles": [
        "Contested questions presented as contested; evidence weighed",
        "Conclusions handed down to be defended or memorised"
      ],
      "reverse": false,
      "question": "Is the pupil asked to reach a conclusion, or to defend one?",
      "why": "The most misleading axis to read from vocabulary alone. A book can be dense with the words evaluate, justify and assess and still supply every conclusion in advance. What matters is whether the proposition attached to the verb is contestable — 'justify that these are scalar quantities' is a legitimate physics task; 'justify that the Treaty of Sevres is based on fair justice' is not the same kind of thing.",
      "bands": [
        "Contested questions presented as contested; evidence weighed; multiple theories given.",
        "Mostly open, with some pre-loading.",
        "Mixed — inquiry verbs present but conclusions pre-loaded.",
        "Inquiry vocabulary attached to supplied conclusions.",
        "Conclusions handed down to be defended or memorised."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "A4",
      "slug": "narrative-closure",
      "name": "National-narrative closure",
      "lens": "history",
      "short": "Whether internal fault is ever admitted, or blame is always external.",
      "poles": [
        "Multiple actors; internal causes admitted; failure acknowledged",
        "Externalised blame; no internal fault; providential inevitability"
      ],
      "reverse": false,
      "question": "When something went wrong, is anyone inside the country responsible for it?",
      "why": "Tested mainly on the handling of 1971, military rule and Islamisation. The strongest single indicator is whether any Pakistani actor is criticised anywhere in the book.",
      "bands": [
        "Multiple actors; internal causes admitted; failure and wrongdoing acknowledged.",
        "Nationalist arc with substantial internal criticism.",
        "Standard nationalist arc with some internal criticism.",
        "Largely closed; internal fault mentioned but not pursued.",
        "Externalised blame; no internal fault; providential inevitability."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "A5",
      "slug": "militarism",
      "name": "Militarism",
      "lens": "patriotism",
      "short": "Armed forces, martyrdom, and war outside the history classroom.",
      "poles": [
        "Armed forces absent or purely institutional",
        "Martyrdom taught as aspiration; forces in non-history subjects"
      ],
      "reverse": false,
      "question": "Is the pupil invited to admire sacrifice, or informed that wars happened?",
      "why": "Raw counts mislead badly here: a history book narrating the First World War scores high on martial vocabulary while teaching no militarism at all. The score turns on whether martyrdom is presented as something for the reader to aspire to, and whether the forces appear in subjects that are not history.",
      "bands": [
        "Armed forces absent or purely institutional.",
        "Incidental martial reference.",
        "Wars narrated; forces praised in historical context.",
        "Martial content spreading into non-history subjects.",
        "Martyrdom taught as aspiration; jihad-framed conventional warfare."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "A6",
      "slug": "othering",
      "name": "Othering intensity",
      "lens": "othering",
      "short": "How out-groups are characterised — India, Hindus, the West, religious minorities.",
      "poles": [
        "Out-groups treated neutrally or warmly; shared heritage acknowledged",
        "Essentialised hostility; group framed as inherently threatening"
      ],
      "reverse": false,
      "question": "Is the out-group an adversary in a story, or a kind of person?",
      "why": "The distinction that carries this axis is between conflict and essence. A book can narrate a great deal of Hindu–Muslim conflict and still treat it as politics with causes; the score rises when difference is relocated from history into nature.",
      "bands": [
        "Out-groups treated neutrally or warmly; shared heritage acknowledged.",
        "Neutral-descriptive.",
        "Out-group as historical adversary only.",
        "Collective negative characterisation of a group.",
        "Essentialised hostility; group framed as inherently threatening."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "A7",
      "slug": "gender",
      "name": "Gender conservatism",
      "lens": "gender",
      "short": "Women as agents, as subjects, or absent.",
      "poles": [
        "Women as agents across roles, including intellectual and professional",
        "Women largely absent, or roles prescriptively bounded"
      ],
      "reverse": false,
      "question": "Does a girl reading this book see anyone like herself doing anything?",
      "why": "Scored on presence and on agency, which come apart: a book can mention women often and grant them nothing to decide. The corpus-wide result on this axis is the study's most consistent finding.",
      "bands": [
        "Women as agents across roles, including intellectual and professional.",
        "Women as agents in several roles.",
        "Women present, mostly commemorative or domestic.",
        "Women present but without agency.",
        "Women largely absent, or roles prescriptively bounded."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "books": [
    {
      "id": "btbb-english-6-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 156,
      "sizeMB": 34.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-6/english-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "ce6430d3f0d4582f94272f5a66d33045eaa7ccac80c556209e5112fea5d78924",
      "title": "English - Grade 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1UnVO0IiYw9UspxAR-UxOfwpGAgWucaOk&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A2": 4,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 2
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.8 religious tokens per 1,000 words across 28,191 words. Incidental reference; no dedicated religious lesson."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Two incidental references to courts; no instrument, no citizen role."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Neutral-descriptive; out-groups barely appear."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.56 — the second-highest in the set. Ayesha and Amina appear as named protagonists, not as illustrations of domestic roles."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-general-science-6-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 220,
      "sizeMB": 50.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-6/general-science-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "4a58aa7ff9756b184a54e51d398bbf8b9b1570446d462318494d5498877ec083",
      "title": "General Science - Grade 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1eTYHT3FUz1367rCSluaAst67GE6M27OR&export=download&confirm=t",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero religious tokens across 39,309 words. No bismillah framing, no providential causation, no scriptural epigraph."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"Evaluate that how small intestine help in absorption of nutrients\" — evaluation of a demonstrable mechanism."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.45; women present but not as scientists."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-geography-6-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 100,
      "sizeMB": 25.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "iLovePDF",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-6/geography-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "5033e8a090968d6acf61143aa9e714860916d1f45b72f20c830ad6bb8850d18d",
      "title": "Geography - Grade 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1Lw5dcSH-fMbAbeyb-_fdJhVg-IRSGaeT&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"evaluate how forests play an important role in the economy of a region\"."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "1.0/1k, all of it place-name and regional description."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero feminine tokens across 16,939 words."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-geography-6-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 104,
      "sizeMB": 37.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-6/geography-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "13e3cb4ed30de88b16da17f5fcc2c8c1bc99295c8fc544333bf3532de99ff3ef",
      "title": "Geography - Grade 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=19pAeeBrOwrUgZdxhsfQi_5PbV9lXBUZR&export=download&confirm=t",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Urdu OCR, theme-grade. Structure shows no religious unit. Not established beyond structure."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-history-6-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 86,
      "sizeMB": 7.2,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "www.ilovepdf.com",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-6/history-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "9929350f69ae22de74dab7d042abda84ddb09a206d01e15792b4a8c7ef92a4ae",
      "title": "6th Class History English Medium Text Book by BTBB",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/6th-class-history-english-medium-text-book-by-btbb-hjl",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 4,
        "A4": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "6.3/1k. Newly quotable — this board's history sequence was previously readable only in Urdu at theme grade."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-history-6-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 133,
      "sizeMB": 33.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-6/history-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "c8f011d436e966de465a7d038def35669e5c19cc7178979c9c87bbde294e4a71",
      "title": "History - Grade 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1dVL0I8pCbht38CgVi__jPrSbs_IBzLiy&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 4,
        "A4": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Urdu OCR. Chapter structure is Islamic-civilisational; wording not readable."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Urdu OCR, theme-grade; no civic instrument legible in structure."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-islamiyat-6-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 170,
      "sizeMB": 139.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 26.1.0.143",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-6/islamiyat-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "d6dc1563c0c3a9d544564457a32c018498d47f5dc397716a3ff8777e30fe2b31",
      "title": "Islamiat - Grade 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1b05nUNVUG3Z5pNvQkyRXFdAM8KANFSui&export=download&confirm=t&uuid=d15b28e8-a6db-4b28-9269-c58839240a33",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Religious by definition; scored on A1b. Devotional and ritual instruction, in-tradition, no polemical register legible in structure."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-urdu-6-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 156,
      "sizeMB": 64.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-6/urdu-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "db8740aa632184bfc2428bccfab772ab3f2014b7b34fac6c16185a68fc9268ee",
      "title": "Urdu - Grade 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1kPTzgnUBSxxgmWdWFvFKyqtsGInH5Rf8&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Urdu OCR, theme-grade. Recognisable devotional selections by structure only."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-english-7-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 184,
      "sizeMB": 39.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/english-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "c1f3321c32e6509273f8bad084d00f861d64003c72c5b9b2c2b34121dee32083",
      "title": "English - Grade 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1rwNPMEcUrbf1OqMSIBXjHiwC_OVZiI5g&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "3.3/1k across 26,272 words — a dedicated religious lesson plus recurrent reference."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "15 evaluation verbs and 5 open-opinion prompts — the highest open-demand density in the Balochistan set."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-general-science-7-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
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      "classSort": 7,
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      "sizeMB": 62.4,
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      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/general-science-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "8dfc081eca82ccd263a7ed6e4b2cd48d26f0fd4f09f1bb767255fc55f97ab5ce",
      "title": null,
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      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
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      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
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          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero religious tokens across 42,589 words."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-general-science-7-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
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      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "General Science",
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      "pages": 205,
      "sizeMB": 46.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "www.ilovepdf.com",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/general-science-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "14459a2f15ab1f685521bccc0d2e2372222f5a4b46adea65621d31cc835259f7",
      "title": "7th Class General Science (UM) Text Book by BTBB",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/7th-class-general-science-um-text-book-by-btbb-kak",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-geography-7-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 100,
      "sizeMB": 27.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/geography-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "b8d25a301d18315d4fb6204ca588e46b091461b9f35af19ab4388de5c50fbdd4",
      "title": "Geography - Grade 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1bqhjlP7U2ni85DDRlCS84Y-o9TcclXZ6&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Economic geography only; the citizen does not appear."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"Evaluate the reasons for low…\" — genuine multi-cause analysis on a neutral topic."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero feminine tokens across 22,670 words."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-geography-7-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 93,
      "sizeMB": 40.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/geography-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "2729b3401f003e44af93fe7f8b0447c505af1a605762ed2638a93e0d713e9083",
      "title": "Geography - Grade 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1Pkf_0Uh3RxyP5_1DT7h962hbdCiaGVzS&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-history-7-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "English",
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      "sizeMB": 4.9,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "www.ilovepdf.com",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/history-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "c45e1184cbf4c14245bd2a4e081f381b0f2a57b4300b6ae9ce036f8b599d7ba5",
      "title": "7th Class History (EM) Text Book by Balochistan Board",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/7th-class-history-em-text-book-by-balochistan-board-wad",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 4,
        "A4": 4,
        "A5": 3,
        "A6": 3,
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      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "4.0/1k — the highest of the newly scored books, and the densest martial content in Balochistan's history sequence."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-history-7-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "Urdu",
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      "sizeMB": 61.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/history-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "5094162288595de9458cc26b949c14e8452b43109ab25d7d3cf7927a986d3004",
      "title": null,
      "sourceUrl": null,
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-islamiyat-7-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
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      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/islamiyat-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "f44711c6dacba30352e5e2e6cc01fe19826b4b5ec55f229c396ec8bfbef97def",
      "title": "Islamiat - Grade 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1QtYFrlfkNREm2BDEnKrQ5nwj7-OAt5bq&export=download&confirm=t&uuid=86d7848d-4656-48b6-9c5d-b9dd00c78174",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-urdu-7-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
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      "classSort": 7,
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      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-7/urdu-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "852643f443a2f299c2411eb5746287a9962fbdd60face1fb6f52c48259b26388",
      "title": "Urdu - Grade 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1_vGwZPl5loW9NQNMrftmvG_FmMFlk_kj&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-english-8-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 146,
      "sizeMB": 37.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat 10.0 Image Conversion Plug-in",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-8/english-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "a6fa296a989364256b6aa818e514f6028402afcb14c42089f1cef3d476547784",
      "title": "English - Grade 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/8th-class-english-text-book-pdf-by-balochistan-board-m5p",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-general-science-8-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 224,
      "sizeMB": 92.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-8/general-science-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "de04860aa8348c96c3706bf6a4a505db6362e181f27eae6eb407fc0844a1a1a8",
      "title": "General Science - Grade 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=10PMymTgHGhcCugF8J_9oGtxC8HUjLaIe&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 4,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.1/1k across 48,820 words — the largest science book in the Balochistan set and effectively secular."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero evaluation verbs across 48,820 words — recall only."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 1.30 — anomalously high for a science book in this corpus."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-geography-8-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Geography",
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      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-8/geography-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "2571b499a368ead89d2818f1e246e501ee742b3e9d7e79058bdecf510fc072a9",
      "title": "Geography - Grade 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1nj60UOwz8BzPzn6HYjXwP6AXsHmLDuX-&export=download&confirm=t",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "As class 7, though it does set open debate prompts (see A3)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Sets open debate: \"debate on the reasons why oceans are…\", and elsewhere directs teachers to organise class debates."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Ratio 0.50 on a base of 6 tokens; effectively absent."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-geography-8-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
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      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Geography",
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      "sizeMB": 41.2,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-8/geography-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "09a755070255fb3740c43fa7fcab3ef086339c405562bf77ceb91fabb4804334",
      "title": "Geography - Grade 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1RoMJDsvzrOiDtXQ0G_bI7_jy-1j8X7D0&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-history-8-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 148,
      "sizeMB": 91.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-8/history-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "fe6d75cb77641885e108d37a9a0eda372111dbbc8c7e026b71a6be3baa4caffd",
      "title": "History - Grade 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1SkvG_BEdrTvsLzz9uRDvo4FdWRd8ogBa&export=download&confirm=t",
      "scores": {
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        "A2": 3,
        "A3": 4,
        "A4": 2,
        "A5": 3,
        "A6": 3,
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      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 6,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "8.9/1k — the highest in the Balochistan set. Religion is the organising category of the narrative: the book's subject is the Muslims of the subcontinent as a community, and Muslim/Hindu is its primary analytic distinction throughout (history-8-en · PAGE 6, 11)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Dense in civic vocabulary — 64 election references, 25 to assemblies, 26 to minorities, 11 to judiciary, 16 to protest or boycott — but all of it is the constitutional history of the independence movement: separate electorates, the Lucknow Pact, council representation. It teaches how representation was fought over, not how a citizen exercises it today."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 5,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The justify-that template as standing architecture. \"Justify that Aligarh can be considered the Oxford University for [Muslims]\" (PAGE 5); \"Justify that Jinnah can be truly claimed as the True Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim [Unity]\" (PAGE 44); \"Justify that Allama Iqbal has rightly earned the title of the 'Poet of the East'\" (PAGE 58). Most striking: \"Justify that the Treaty of Sevres is based on fair justice\" (PAGE 32) — a proposition the book's own narrative treats as a Muslim grievance. A4 = 2 because the same book admits internal fault repeatedly: \"To some extent, Muslims themselves were responsible for this decline, as they could not adjust to changing times\" (PAGE 6), and it is openly critical of the Hijrat movement — \"Simple-minded Muslims were deeply influenced by this fatwa and sold their properties at low prices\" (PAGE 54)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 36,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "10.3 martial tokens per 1,000 words — the highest raw density in the Balochistan set — but the content is historical narration, not valorisation. The jihad references are the Ottoman Caliph's WWI declaration (history-8-en · PAGE 36) and the Khilafat-era fatwa declaring India Dar-ul-Harb (PAGE 54), both reported and the latter treated critically. Casualty figures are given for Indian troops in British service: \"74,000 Indian soldiers had been killed and nearly 65,000 were wounded\" (PAGE 47). No Nishan-e-Haider roll, no martyr biography, no Pakistan Army content."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 6,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The highest out-group volume in the Balochistan set — 15.7 tokens per 1,000 words — but the register is historical-political, not essentialising. It records joint action: \"Muslims and Hindus had jointly participated in the War of Independence of 1857\" (history-8-en · PAGE 6); it rejects collective blame: \"both Hindus and Muslims had participated in the war and blaming Muslims alone was unjust\" (PAGE 8); and it records pluralist institution-building: Aligarh \"was not just for Muslim students but was open to students of other religions, including Hindus, Parsis, and Christians\" (PAGE 9). Where hostility is named it is attributed to specific actors — \"some Hindu leaders in Banaras\", \"this hostile attitude of the Hindu leaders towards Urdu\" (PAGE 11) — not to Hindus as such."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 10,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.25. Fatima Jinnah and \"Begum\" figures appear; Sir Syed \"clarified the Islamic stance on women's rights\" (history-8-en · PAGE 10) — women's rights discussed, but in the third person and as a settled position."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-history-8-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 176,
      "sizeMB": 68,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-8/history-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "556dcad163ea09720462783e196f8a12d3276511209522d642d7c54650b257dc",
      "title": "History - Grade 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=10Gka2HBnBZDYob59AxhPUjAWUKM7v_09&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Urdu-medium counterpart of the same course."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-islamiyat-8-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 131,
      "sizeMB": 46.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "www.ilovepdf.com",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-8/islamiyat-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "f4b991083ad6ede55ab9b5cddded221934a295bcd0baa49e8caf2d248b50696c",
      "title": "Islamiyat - Grade 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/8th-class-islamiat-um-text-book-by-balochistan-board-dug",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-urdu-8-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 186,
      "sizeMB": 113.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat 10.0 Image Conversion Plug-in",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-8/urdu-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "7da0d273cd24590eac6b25055b66985bee5baf0942c842d24ee3b8ae20fdb41a",
      "title": "Urdu - Grade 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/8th-class-urdu-text-book-pdf-by-balochistan-board-ohq",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-biology-9-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 172,
      "sizeMB": 85.6,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-9/biology-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "4e1e356db0573d08ff959365ba1126fadf358afb549a739a2af57b4bc84d6a1a",
      "title": "Biology - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1iKNthw6hvx5nY_uxBQmc-v81zWMcwjlD&export=download&confirm=t",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A3": 2,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.7/1k across 41,818 words — isolated reference, no religious framing of biological content. No creationist or anti-evolution framing was found."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"Justify with examples that science is a collaborative field that requires interdisciplinary…\" — the justify-that form applied to a defensible methodological claim."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-chemistry-9-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Chemistry",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 208,
      "sizeMB": 133,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-9/chemistry-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "bf7d3b8bec1822b23082cf6257b1388718a35e6a8520f1f18ee02f9a51ca53bf",
      "title": "Chemistry - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1g8w5BjyvjLkepveEfl6jAlcu9Ec6-q1I&export=download&confirm=t&uuid=0a982270-8066-4289-bd5f-c07b8b4ec0e8",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero religious tokens across 64,995 words."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.10 on a base of 2 feminine tokens across 64,995 words. No named woman scientist."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-english-9-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 135,
      "sizeMB": 55,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat 10.0 Image Conversion Plug-in",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-9/english-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "97c1775e2cc0f4fd11522ac0dba59678d518c8fe1532853a0ceb070c593e9aa9",
      "title": "English - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-english-text-book-by-baluchistan-board-nkg",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 1,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-islamiyat-9-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 94,
      "sizeMB": 28.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat 10.0 Image Conversion Plug-in",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-9/islamiyat-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "ea6b25ac2a92f96049c5c73d83f267423fa334c506300665cd5d93a0ced59258",
      "title": "Islamiyat - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-islamiat-urdu-medium-text-book-by-btbb-aeg",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 143,
      "sizeMB": 74.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-9/pakistan-studies-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "436f14f37772bb31e4a8d5f67e8a493db8b183e6e09cf0002cb858a90c357218",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1YhOzaz2d08sPvSxG5-0CrHf1scJ5sOdd&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 3,
        "A3": 4,
        "A4": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 4,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 9,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"The ideology of Pakistan is based on Islamic values. The Muslim nation was not founded upon any linguistic, ethnic, territorial, or racial distinctions; rather, its members shared the faith of Islam\" (pakistan-studies-9-en · PAGE 9). A worldview claim asserted in the book's own voice."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 16,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Civic content present but institutional. An assessed item does teach minority religious freedom: \"About the minorities, Quaid-e-Azam believed that they would: … c. spend their lives as per their own beliefs\" (pakistan-studies-9-en · PAGE 16), and a learning outcome requires pupils to \"discuss the role of political leaders, including women and minorities in the making of Pakistan\" (PAGE 19)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 7,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"evaluate Pakistan's ideology with reference to the statements of Quaid Azam and [Iqbal]\" (PAGE 7) — the ideology is the fixed point and the founders' statements are the evidence for it; the pupil evaluates toward it. 30 evaluation verbs, 3 open prompts. A4 = 4: the Two-Nation account is closed and the causes are external, though British policy rather than Hindus is named as the driver of communal division (PAGE 14)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Collective characterisation, and a marked step up from History 8. \"The Muslims held the belief that Hinduism and Islam are…\" incompatible, and the divisions \"involve the confrontation of two distinct social structures\" (pakistan-studies-9-en · PAGE 8); \"The hostility of Hindu revivalist movements towards Muslims intensified over time\" (PAGE 9). Here \"Hindus\" functions as a bloc noun."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 19,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.34. Fatima Jinnah named; a learning outcome requires pupils to \"discuss the role of political leaders, including women and minorities in the making of Pakistan\" (PAGE 19), and reserved seats for women appear 6 times."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-physics-9-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Physics",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 235,
      "sizeMB": 92.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.05.1",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-9/physics-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "db31573ea3500c6a45d2669630155cec00ca37b390f9a3f4db116a498627f507",
      "title": "Physics - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=19OU8Ov6_eG_QMDKUSXGFFpRsrWsciHyV&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.1/1k across 69,911 words — the largest book in the set."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "21 evaluation verbs, all of the form \"Justify that distance, speed, time, mass, energy and temperature are scalar quantities\" — legitimate in a science, where the proposition is demonstrable. This is the control case: the justify-that template is only ideologically loaded when the proposition is contestable."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.59; no named woman scientist across 69,911 words. Balochistan's only Curie occurrence is Curie temperature, the physical constant, not the person."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-urdu-9-ur",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 135,
      "sizeMB": 85.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 20.0.0.633",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-9/urdu-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "3a6a3f1e5cc187fd454dd5927060d235a8abd9f51a18bbce667fae144a6d14ff",
      "title": "Urdu - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1wSP2vTCtN7P5ni7VrPdX_zrFDlIpuQ2f&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2022-23",
      "edition": "NC 2022-23 pilot",
      "editionNote": "Front matter: 'developed ... based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-chemistry-10-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Chemistry",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 190,
      "sizeMB": 87,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "3-Heights™ PDF Toolbox API 6.12.0.6 (http",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-10/chemistry-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "e7fd5c425824fe54842046ef49ba23cc463e87babd625a367ac81f6c9821c14e",
      "title": "Chemistry - Grade 10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://btbb.com.pk/book-file.php?id=177",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero religious tokens across 42,030 words."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.08 on a base of 3 feminine tokens across 42,030 words."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "NC 2006",
      "editionNote": "Class-10 front matter cites National Curriculum 2006 (Chemistry 10, English 10, Pakistan Studies 10)",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-english-10-en",
      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 145,
      "sizeMB": 62.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat 10.0 Image Conversion Plug-in",
      "file": "btbb-balochistan/class-10/english-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "c66d1fbb5114992ee47256533cad6cd7c78b3e64110a938b2fd22aafc0ea265c",
      "title": "English - Grade 10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://btbb.com.pk/book-file.php?id=178",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Religion occupies a full unit of a language reader: pp. 8–12 teach the Prophet's life with the doctrinal formula \"Hazrat Muhammad-ur-Rasool Ullah Khatam-un-Nabiyeen\" repeated throughout, and the pre-reading prompt \"Who is the last Rasool of Allah\" (english-10-en · PAGE 8)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Comprehension-led; 6 evaluation verbs, 1 open prompt."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 9,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The pre-Islamic Arabia unit characterises a historical population as ignorant and cruel (english-10-en · PAGE 9), but no contemporary out-group is characterised."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.30; Amina recurs as a named character."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
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      "editionNote": "Class-10 front matter cites National Curriculum 2006 (Chemistry 10, English 10, Pakistan Studies 10)",
      "note": null
    },
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      "title": "Islamiat - Grade 10",
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      "editionNote": "Class-10 front matter cites National Curriculum 2006 (Chemistry 10, English 10, Pakistan Studies 10)",
      "note": null
    },
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      "board": "BTBB",
      "boardName": "Balochistan",
      "boardFull": "Balochistan Textbook Board, Quetta",
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      "sha256": "14d362b03808ef81de6cb4fbb50f5c481d67e61a4463d656733eaf188f6a7caa",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies - Grade 10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://btbb.com.pk/book-file.php?id=227",
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        "A1": 3,
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        "A3": 3,
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        "A6": 3,
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      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
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          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "3.9/1k. Recurrent religious framing including the Islamisation chapter, but the book's dominant register is political-institutional rather than doctrinal."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 11,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The strongest civics in the Balochistan set and among the strongest in the corpus. The 1973 Constitution is taught as a live instrument, not a historical episode: \"guarantees the fundamental rights to all Pakistani citizens irrespective of their religion, ethnicity etc. The constitution also guarantees the rights of the minorities\" (pakistan-studies-10-en · PAGE 11). Local government is taught with \"reserved seats for women and minorities\" (PAGE 20). A full chapter is titled Restoration of Democracy (1988-99), and the learning outcomes require pupils to \"comprehend the causes of Military take-over of 12 October 1999\" (PAGE 6)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 6,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "A4 = 3 because 1971 is given a partly internal cause: \"On 16th December, 1971, Dhaka fell to enemies due to the internal strife and direct military intervention of India\" (PAGE 6). Internal strife is named first. The surrender is described as Dhaka falling \"to enemies\" rather than as a surrender, and the war is not otherwise narrated. The book does treat Zia's Islamisation, Bhutto's nationalisation and the 1999 coup as subjects of study."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "1.6/1k. The armed forces appear in the 1971 and nuclear material; the set-piece assessment is \"debate contest among the students on the topic: Pakistan, A Nuclear [Power]\" (PAGE …) — a debate whose conclusion is not genuinely open."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
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          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "India appears as adversary in the 1971 and Kashmir material but the dominant frame is inter-state relations rather than communal essence."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 14,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The strongest gender result in the Balochistan corpus and one of the strongest in the study. Feminine tokens exceed masculine (ratio 1.31), and the referent is a woman exercising state power: Benazir Bhutto is narrated across two terms as Prime Minister with substantive political detail — \"Ghulam Ishaq Khan invited Benazir Bhutto, being the leader of the majority party to form the government, which she accepted\" (pakistan-studies-10-en · PAGE 14); her foreign policy, her dismissal, and \"Contrary to her first tenure, the relations with India remained tense\" are all treated as her decisions. Local government is taught with \"reserved seats for women and minorities\" (PAGE 20)."
        }
      ],
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      "edition": "NC 2006",
      "editionNote": "Class-10 front matter cites National Curriculum 2006 (Chemistry 10, English 10, Pakistan Studies 10)",
      "note": null
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          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.2/1k across 54,563 words. No creationist framing."
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      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
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      "title": "Chemistry - Grade 9",
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        "A3": 3,
        "A7": 5
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      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
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    {
      "id": "fbise-english-9-en",
      "board": "FBISE",
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      "sha256": "43c0eadcfec6be97b74cecb062fcb83f092edeb92c6d7587cf9c7094a7cbf89f",
      "title": "English - Grade 9",
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        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 3
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          "id": "e01",
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          "score": 2,
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          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "16 evaluation prompts and 14 open-opinion prompts."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
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          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero martial tokens across 44,960 words."
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      ],
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      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
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    {
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      "board": "FBISE",
      "boardName": "Federal",
      "boardFull": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation, Islamabad",
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      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
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      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "71c193a5bca448925097f1d5945e4388b58872cb27a5be08fca79464f2272fd3",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-pak-studies-federal-textbook-pdf-jyj",
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        "A2": 3,
        "A3": 5,
        "A4": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 4,
        "A7": 4
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      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "8.1/1k — the highest in the federal set. Religion is the organising category of the national account: the chapter is Ideological Basis of Pakistan and the learning outcome is the \"evolution of the Two Nation [The]ory\" (PAGE 8)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "4.8/1k, but institutional and historical rather than addressed to the pupil as a citizen."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 9,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero evaluation verbs and zero open-opinion prompts across the entire volume. The Two-Nation Theory is delivered as the book's organising premise — \"the Hindus and the Muslims had different [mi]nds\" (PAGE 9) — with nothing asked of the pupil but reproduction."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 9,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "11.8 out-group tokens per 1,000 words — the highest density in the corpus. Hindus function as the comparison bloc against which Muslim decline is narrated: \"Muslims' backwardness … they had lagged far behind of the Hindus who had taken early initiative\" (PAGE 9), and difference is located in essence — \"the Hindus and the Muslims had different [mi]nds\" (PAGE 9)."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "Single National Curriculum (federal)",
      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
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    {
      "id": "fbise-pakistan-studies-9-ur",
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      "sha256": "2545dab5b84f838ac8836930a7f6c5d2567e775c3c1bd2a1ad032a2cd927a6cf",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies (Urdu medium) - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-pak-studies-um-new-federal-text-book-pdf",
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        "A2": 3
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          "id": "e01",
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          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
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          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Urdu counterpart of the same course; theme-grade."
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      ],
      "curriculum": "Single National Curriculum (federal)",
      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
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    {
      "id": "fbise-physics-9-en",
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      "sha256": "0cb33c989a080dda79f67d4f1c52e914309d795b1584cb909902e838a90b6d58",
      "title": "Physics - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-physics-federal-board-text-book-pdf",
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        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
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          "id": "e01",
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          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero religious tokens across 62,784 words."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "24 evaluation prompts, 0 open — the justify-that form on demonstrable propositions."
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      ],
      "curriculum": "Single National Curriculum (federal)",
      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
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      "title": "Urdu - Grade 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-urdu-fbise-textbook-pdf-xbi",
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      "evidence": [],
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      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "fbise-biology-10-en",
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      "sha256": "a6a56d5bfaf71a1907466032ce24dd72d8f42e7886102755a11600e1c694d595",
      "title": "Federal Board 10th Class Biology Text Book 2025 PDF",
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      "title": "Chemistry - Grade 10",
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      "title": "English - Grade 10",
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          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "21 evaluation and 16 open-opinion prompts — the highest open-demand count of any single book in this corpus."
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        {
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          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
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          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero out-group tokens across 56,137 words."
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      ],
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      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
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    {
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      "title": "Islamiyat - Grade 10",
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          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Devotional and ritual register; theme-grade."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "Single National Curriculum (federal)",
      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "fbise-pakistan-studies-10-en",
      "board": "FBISE",
      "boardName": "Federal",
      "boardFull": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation, Islamabad",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 130,
      "sizeMB": 23.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.04.0",
      "file": "fbise-federal/class-10/pakistan-studies-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "59cb737d5af1e95c8bc5f601abc5c855a3d966fa35ba514f2de45eed08cbccf9",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies - Grade 10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/10th-class-pak-studies-federal-text-book-pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A4": 3,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 2
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "4.4/1k. Religious framing present but the dominant register is constitutional and institutional — see the civics lens, where this book scores the corpus's thickest civics."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 42,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "10.0 civic tokens per 1,000 words — the densest civic content of any book in this corpus, and taught as a live instrument rather than as history. The 1973 Constitution is set out clause by clause: \"Pakistan shall be a federation where provinces will enjoy autonomy within constitutional limits\"; \"Fundamental rights including freedom, equality, property, expression of thought, belief, worship, and association shall be guaranteed to all citizens of Pakistan\"; \"Freedom of Judiciary — the independe[nce]\" (PAGE 42). Earlier constitutional settlements are given the same treatment: \"The constitution guaranteed fundamental rights of citizens of Pakistan. These included freedom of speech, movement, religion and equality before law\" (PAGE 45)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "24 evaluation prompts and 4 open — a different book in register from its own class-9 predecessor."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 7,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "3.1/1k, and the register inverts. Minorities appear as constituents of the nation rather than as its foil: \"Hindu, Christian, Sikh, and other minority groups also add to the cultural tapestry of the country\" (PAGE 7); \"the presence of religious minorities, including Christians, Hindus, and [Sikh]s, contributes to the country's cultural mosaic. Religious festivals, rituals, and traditions from different faiths enrich the cultural landscape and promote inclusivity and mutual respect\" (PAGE 8)."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "Single National Curriculum (federal)",
      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "fbise-pakistan-studies-10-ur",
      "board": "FBISE",
      "boardName": "Federal",
      "boardFull": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation, Islamabad",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 142,
      "sizeMB": 17.2,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.04.0",
      "file": "fbise-federal/class-10/pakistan-studies-10-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "244d746b41d1914caab83123445e68a3c34bec28dc859c6aee8f4a92432853db",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies (Urdu medium) - Grade 10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/10th-class-pak-studies-um-fbise-text-book-pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 1
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Theme-grade counterpart of the class-10 volume."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "Single National Curriculum (federal)",
      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "fbise-physics-10-en",
      "board": "FBISE",
      "boardName": "Federal",
      "boardFull": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation, Islamabad",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Physics",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 364,
      "sizeMB": 62.2,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.04.0",
      "file": "fbise-federal/class-10/physics-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "7e1ed09b9b0334e51163feaa63a3830042cf3ca2473ffacaeff4d5206514243d",
      "title": "Physics - Grade 10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/10th-class-physics-federal-text-book-2025-pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero across 117,833 words — the largest book in the corpus."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "34 evaluation prompts across 117,833 words."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "Single National Curriculum (federal)",
      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "fbise-urdu-10-ur",
      "board": "FBISE",
      "boardName": "Federal",
      "boardFull": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation, Islamabad",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 174,
      "sizeMB": 22.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.04.0",
      "file": "fbise-federal/class-10/urdu-10-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "f7501555017c34b71063443bf800022f5f4136382ea3a8ae95244c78fb1fc12b",
      "title": "Urdu - Grade 10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/10th-class-urdu-federal-board-text-book-pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "Single National Curriculum (federal)",
      "edition": "NBF printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal Board / National Book Foundation; SNC-era. Per-book imprint pages not yet verified",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-english-6-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 193,
      "sizeMB": 30.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-6/english-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "6bbf3c4e89289a42edf0ae23590cfaaca6522cc754e63090c762a4486d173827",
      "title": "English 6 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1a8zclG37EpH-reRY-OnKfBEVtXxlsBsg",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 3,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 1,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Lesson 1 Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ, Rasool of Mercy opens the book (english-6-en · PAGE 8); comprehension question \"Who is the last Prophet of Allah Almighty?\" · PAGE 9. Offset by the corpus's only non-Muslim child protagonist, the Sikh Pakhtun Vikram Singh."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 50,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "A full lesson, Democracy, PAGE 50–56: monarchy vs democracy, \"The people had no voice in the affairs of the state. This form of government is called 'monarchy'\"; elections; \"If they rule according to the wishes of the people, the people respect them, if not, they are removed\"; \"According to the law qf our country, elections are to be held after every five years\" [OCR: qf for of]; National Assembly, Senate, Parliament, President, PM. Pair task: \"Democracy grants every citizen certain rights but these rights cannot be possible without performing [duties]\" PAGE 56"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero martial content. Unit 8 Taxila, unit 17 Qissa Khwani Bazaar, unit 18 the Sikh Pakhtun boy Vikram Singh. The word \"army\" occurs once, as a grammar drill: \"The army walked across the land\" (english-6-en · line 3043)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 173,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The corpus's only named non-Muslim Pakistani child protagonist, in a first-person self-introduction used to teach form-filling: \"My name is Vikram Singh. I am 8 years old. I live in Peshawar. My father's name is Karan Singh. He is a businessman and has a cloth shop in Qissa Khawani Bazar. I speak Pashtu because I am born and bred in Peshawar but I am also fluent in Punjabi. I am a Sikh and a proud Pakhtun Pakistani.\" (p.173). The follow-on exercise has the class fill in his form, including the field \"Religion:\", and then write about \"Vikram Singh, the new boy in your class\" (p.174)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Mowgli, the cat-and-fox fable, Julia Carney; no adversary framing."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "A 2006-curriculum English reader of about twenty units, printed by DCTE Abbottabad and reprinted unchanged for years. Its distinctive feature is the corpus's only named non-Muslim Pakistani child protagonist: Vikram Singh, a Peshawari Sikh boy who introduces himself in the first person to teach form-filling, and whom the class is then asked to write about. That single passage carries the A6 score of 1, and it is quotable because the book is English-medium. The book also runs a full seven-page Democracy lesson comparing monarchy and elected government and naming the National Assembly, Senate and the five-year cycle, which is why A2 sits at 3 rather than the 4 or 5 the other KP readers earn. A1 is 3 because the book nonetheless opens with a Prophet lesson. Militarism is 1: the word army appears once, in a grammar drill. Researchers should note that KP prints its contents pages as decorative images, so roughly half the unit titles in the source analysis are reconstructions from body text, and the scan carries mirror-site advertising pages."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-general-science-6-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 163,
      "sizeMB": 16.2,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-6/general-science-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "4a5f4cc72cb304452dfb39cf5d24f13660991d2c3810e768a3a90954f0d9af57",
      "title": "General Science 6 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1myZn36hVcyIxdy4L0C-bmaUXVzFqrFH-",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 120,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "One credit — \"A muslim scientist Al-Haithem invented the pinhole [camera]\" (general-science-6-en · PAGE 120). Nothing else."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "A 163-page National Curriculum 2006 general science text whose twelve chapters had to be reconstructed from figure numbering and learning-outcome openers because the contents page did not survive OCR. It is one of the least eventful books in the corpus for social analysis: the only religious touch anywhere is a one-line credit that a Muslim scientist, Al-Haitham, invented the pinhole camera, which is what holds A1 at 2 rather than 1. The gender score of 5 is absence-based but unusually well founded for this corpus, because the book is English-medium and countable: five female tokens in 24,506 words. It is also the least activity-dense science book examined, with only five numbered activities against dozens in the equivalent Punjab and Sindh volumes, suggesting a demonstration-led rather than inquiry-led design. Treat the chapter list as approximate and remember that this is a reprint of a 2006-era book, not a current one."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-geography-6-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 135,
      "sizeMB": 17.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-6/geography-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "3a3104b453723d5290879fece06d1384a70867a35ab594564b2de0cba6505560",
      "title": "Geography 6 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1tzUzbjM4IG6W_RDtddPhG5ntoH3k0Bga",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A2": 5,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 101,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "A theological/anthropocentric framing sentence opens the population chapter · PAGE 101; Makkah profiled among world cities. Otherwise secular."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "As above; nothing but two hits on حکوم survives"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 122,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "World-city profiles incl. Mumbai, Shanghai, Tokyo, New York, London (pp.122–128), neutral."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Population chapter has an age/sex structure section; no female agent established"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "An Urdu-medium physical and human geography text written by University of Peshawar geographers, and the only KP geography volume with both a full cartography chapter and a full population chapter built on the 2017 census, including provincial density tables, age-sex structure and internal migration. Its A1 of 2 rests on a single theological framing sentence opening the population chapter and on Makkah appearing among the world-city profiles alongside Karachi, Mumbai, Shanghai, Tokyo, New York and London; those city profiles, neutrally handled, are what give it A6 1. The A2 of 5 and A7 of 5 are the weakest kind of score in this study: both are absence claims derived from Urdu Nastaliq OCR, which supports structure and proper nouns but not wording. Nothing is quotable from it. A researcher should read those two scores as not established rather than as demonstrated absence, and should note that Peshawar itself is never profiled as a city."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-history-6-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 104,
      "sizeMB": 9.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-6/history-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "edd42f9b61b7099a770269f98325fe6584453ec73975b2ba592672cf1509d714",
      "title": "History 6 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1mAvC6ryHrPGFWCO3D5XsZS0AKNcb4ZFl",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 5,
        "A3": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 88,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "~2 of 5 chapters religious, including an entire chapter on tasawwuf — the silsilas and biographies of Data Ganj Bakhsh, Baba Farid, Bahauddin Zakariya, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Nizamuddin Auliya (history-6-ur · PAGE 88–104); Sindh as Bab-ul-Islam; and the book closes with a Khatm-e-Nabuwwat declaration page quoting Al-Ahzab 40 (khatam al-nabiyyin) and a Jami' Tirmidhi hadith · PAGE 104. Mitigated by sympathetic comparative treatment of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism · PAGE 34–35."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Zero recoverable hits for آئین/دستور/حقوق/جمہوریت/انتخابات/ووٹ/شہری/اسمبلی/اقلیت, including loosened stems. Absence-based and Urdu-OCR-based — the weakest claim class"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 34,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Structure only. 2500 BC–1526 AD. Comparative treatment of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism with an explicit comparison table (pp.34–35) implies plural presentation of belief systems; Mahmud of Ghazna carried as both idol-breaker (Somnath 1025 itemised) and patron of Firdausi and Al-Biruni — a two-sided rendering rare in the corpus. No national narrative delivered at this grade."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "One \"1971\" token; no Pakistan-army material recovered"
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 34,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Each described sympathetically with its festivals, plus an explicit comparative table (pp.34–35). Theme-grade; the structure (a named comparative table) survives OCR, the wording does not. Direct inverse of Punjab History 6, which never names Hinduism."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 53,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Mahmud of Ghazna framed both as idol-breaker (Somnath 1025 itemised, pp.53–55) and as patron of Firdausi and Al-Biruni. Theme-grade."
        },
        {
          "id": "e07",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 60,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Razia Sultana treated sympathetically at length, her fall blamed on the nobles' refusal to accept a woman ruler ([track social studies](/studies/track-social-studies/) §1.10, pp.60–61). One of only two women rulers in the entire corpus"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2021-22",
      "editionNote": "Letter F.3-1/2009-History dated 7 December 2010",
      "note": "KP's ancient-to-1526 history, Urdu-medium, authored at a government postgraduate college in Swabi and printed for 2021-22 under a curriculum letter dated December 2010. It is the most internally contradictory book in the KP set. Its pre-Islamic chapters describe Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism sympathetically with their festivals and an explicit comparative table, the direct inverse of Punjab's History 6, which never names Hinduism as a religion; that structure survives OCR and drives an A6 of 1 on those chapters. Yet an entire final chapter teaches tasawwuf as religion, with the silsilas and the major saints, and the volume closes with a Khatm-e-Nabuwwat declaration page, which is what pushes A1 to 4. Mahmud of Ghazna is carried both as the itemised idol-breaker of Somnath and as patron of Firdausi and Al-Biruni, an unusually two-sided rendering. Razia Sultana is treated at length, one of only two women rulers in the whole corpus. The A2 of 5 is a pure Urdu-OCR absence claim and should not be relied on."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-islamiyat-6-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 105,
      "sizeMB": 9.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-6/islamiyat-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "9ef16d1dcaeb58fdff996b5d6ddba45ee8846af08f5bce9d0178d67bfa94526e",
      "title": "Islamiat 6 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=14QbTXzjB8xvL0oih8yp58kEsKjOyMog_",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 4,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Same book as Sindh Islamiyat 6 — shared score, not a board difference."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Same book as Sindh Islamiyat 6 ([track islamiyat](/studies/track-islamiyat/) §6.1) — reported once; see Sindh row"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 51,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "KP 6 and Sindh 6 Islamiyat are established as the same 2006-curriculum syllabus (track-islamiyat §6.1): same hifz trio, same seerah sequence, same four personalities in the same order. The Khyber lesson sits at pp.51–53. Per RUBRIC rule 5 the shared score is reported once (Sindh 6 Islamiyat = 4); the KP rendering is inferred, not attested, and is bracketed."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "One of four — Hazrat Khadijah, first position (same 2006 roster as Sindh)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "Established in the Islamiyat track as the same 2006-curriculum book Sindh publishes at class 6: the same memorisation trio, the same seerah sequence, the same four personalities in the same order, with Hazrat Khadijah in first position. Under the rubric's shared-book rule the score is reported once and no KP-versus-Sindh difference should be claimed here. That matters most for the A6 of 4, which comes from the Khyber lesson in the Sindh copy; the KP rendering is inferred from structural identity, not attested, and the source lens brackets it accordingly. Everything else about the book is Urdu-medium theme-grade: presence of lessons is established, framing is not. A researcher should treat this record as a pointer to the Sindh volume rather than as independent KP evidence, and should not cite its A6 as a finding about KP."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-urdu-6-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 143,
      "sizeMB": 12.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-6/urdu-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "cdb4e94cbde0b243f7bd095128bc982f47dd8e7960372752fa6e816a26154925",
      "title": "Urdu 6 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1VEjODBMyXTqJLLiqMM2b6IwnwVZUfeqB",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A5": 4,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Hazrat Khadijah lesson near the front; a hadith-cited dignity-of-labour lesson; an ummah-politics lesson (Al-Aqsa 1969, Lahore Islamic Summit 1974); Hazrat Umar and the Christians of the conquered fort."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 67,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Theme-grade. Lesson غازیوں اور شہیدوں کا دن — Defence Day, the 1965 air war, raids on India (urdu-6-ur · pp.67–73; aircraft/India tokens legible at · line 2334). Lesson 13 pairs the 1969 Al-Aqsa arson with the February 1974 Lahore Islamic Summit (· pp.77–81) — the only ummah-politics lesson in the corpus. Plus a وطن سے محبت nazm (· pp.111–115)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "A 2006-curriculum Urdu reader of roughly twenty-two lessons whose contents page survives only in fragments, so the lesson titles in the source analysis are descriptions of content rather than printed headings. Two things make it distinctive. First, it carries the corpus's only ummah-politics lesson, pairing the 1969 Al-Aqsa arson with the February 1974 Lahore Islamic Summit; that, plus a Defence Day lesson on the 1965 air war and a patriotic nazm, produces A5 4. Second, it opens its religious register early with a lesson on Hazrat Khadijah, adds a hadith-cited dignity-of-labour piece and a Hazrat Umar justice narrative, giving A1 4. Regional identity appears geographically, through a Swat valley travel lesson, rather than literarily. All of this is theme-grade: the proper nouns and dates are legible in the OCR, the wording is not, so nothing here may be quoted and the A7 of 4 rests on which figures appear, not on how they are described."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-english-7-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 195,
      "sizeMB": 20.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-7/english-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "f562d2384b248959360e130f19b2b234c424ecc9d1859615f4b2f35b532b2a00",
      "title": "English 7 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1_wwTtdwcRn8_blEL64hFz7LF-GP-88ao",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 4,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 9,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Lesson 1 The last sermon of Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ opens the book · PAGE 9–10, carrying the \"An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab\" passage; Lesson 10 The Golden Age of Islam · PAGE 98–100."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 47,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Duty-civics with protest explicitly delegitimised: \"When people are angry about something they organize a protest, they burn and destroy public buildings, buses and trains\" PAGE 47; the sanctioned channel is \"If we have any grievances or any legitimate demands, we can approach the authorities peacefully\" PAGE 47. Writing task: \"Duties of a Good Citizen\" PAGE 51, with no rights counterpart. Zero hits for democracy, vote, constitution, human rights"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 3 Khyber [Pass] — the only army is Alexander's (english-7-en · line 1053) and the British (· line 1345). No Pakistan-army content anywhere"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 23,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Neutral-descriptive: the Khyber Pass unit names \"a fort built by the Sikhs near Jamrud village\" (p.23) and Bab-e-Khyber \"a fort built by the Sikhs\" (p.27) without communal loading; the glossary defines turban as \"worn especially by Sikhs, Muslims, and Hindus\" (p.118)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 152,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Naseem Hamid, \"Fastest Woman in South Asia\" (p.152) — KP's only gender-focused selection in four years"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "The 2006-curriculum class-7 reader, and the KP book that most clearly shows duty-civics rather than rights-civics. Its lesson on citizenship introduces protest only as destruction of public buildings, buses and trains, offers approaching the authorities peacefully as the sanctioned channel, and sets a writing task on the duties of a good citizen with no rights counterpart; there are zero hits for democracy, vote, constitution or human rights, which is why A2 is 4 despite the class-6 book scoring 3. Religion is front-loaded: the Farewell Sermon opens the book, carrying the Arab and non-Arab equality passage, and a Golden Age of Islam lesson follows later, giving A1 4. Militarism is 1, the only armies being Alexander's and the British in the Khyber Pass unit. Sikhs appear neutrally as fort-builders at Jamrud and in the glossary's definition of turban. Its Naseem Hamid selection is KP's only gender-focused piece across all four English readers, which is why A7 is 3 here and 4 elsewhere."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-general-science-7-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 137,
      "sizeMB": 24.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-7/general-science-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "d26ad74f229fcfee07f0868341ba7a749cdfd7e2da2ba08aa65fd3b33b06560a",
      "title": "General Science 7 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1_HcCYswwCOZY0Wn9c1QsiwI4O0KNaQU8",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 137,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "No religious content in the body, but a hadith epigraph on the inside cover: \"The seeking of Knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim. (Al-Tirmidhi #74)\" (general-science-7-en · PAGE 137)."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "Architecturally the same twelve-chapter book Sindh publishes at class 7, chapter for chapter in the same order, both being National Curriculum 2006 texts that Punjab's SNC volume departs from sharply. Its one social feature is a hadith epigraph on the inside cover making the seeking of knowledge obligatory for every Muslim; there is no religious content in the body, which is what holds A1 at 2. The gender score of 5 is the starkest countable absence in the corpus: one female token in 27,182 words. It is also the thinnest book examined on pedagogy, with about twenty activities against sixty-five in the Sindh equivalent and sixty-six in Punjab's. The scan carries 132 watermark lines from the mirror site it was acquired from, and the contents page did not survive, so the chapter list was rebuilt from learning-outcome blocks. Read it as a shared Sindh-KP artefact rather than as a distinctively KP book."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-geography-7-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 161,
      "sizeMB": 24,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-7/geography-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "1f8404dd6d27990004b299c6df8ac62f3b267e29c0a77421492b0b5357153793",
      "title": "Geography 7 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1a4lj6TCJlGkdZJHrkAX7Y17aDSkSopQx",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A2": 5,
        "A5": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "No religious content recovered in 161 pp."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Systematic physical + economic geography; no female agent established"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2020-21",
      "editionNote": "NOC F.1-18/2011-SSG dated 5 April 2011",
      "note": "An eleven-chapter Urdu-medium geography running six chapters of systematic physical geography then five of Pakistan's economic geography, with no population, settlement or map-skills content, since those sit in the class-6 volume. Its imprint page did not survive, but the series NOC is dated April 2011 and it was printed for 2020-21. Two features stand out. It carries a strong environmental thread for a 2006-curriculum book, covering the ozone hole, the greenhouse effect, deforestation and waterlogging and salinity. And its economic chapters hook repeatedly into KP: the Gadoon-Amazai estate, Karak gas, Orakzai coal, Swat emeralds, Warsak dam, Bannu woollens. The A1 of 1 means no religious content was recovered across 161 pages, but the governing OCR warning for KP files says religious-content counts should be reported as undetermined, never zero. A2 5 and A7 5 are likewise Urdu-OCR absence claims. Nothing in this book is quotable and its three low-conservatism-pole scores are the least secure in the KP set."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-history-7-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 101,
      "sizeMB": 10,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-7/history-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "9c345a04438a9aa782120ed0a11ea9ade9f410c9542ae01390aa7264ff7666b5",
      "title": "History 7 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1xiI4ObEZh20raF8WAYVm1R1y-gvVYKo5",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 5,
        "A3": 4,
        "A4": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 41,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Ch.3 Mughal Religious Tolerance · PAGE 41 and Ch.5 Muslim Reform Movements · PAGE 75 including Syed Ahmad Barelvi's jihadi tehreek and Balakot · PAGE 85–86; jizya explained as a shariah levy."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Zero civic-term hits; آزادی recovered 16× but in the national-liberation sense"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Structure only. Strictly 1526–1857, ~95% subcontinent, zero world-Islamic history. 1857 as \"War of Independence\" with an aftermath framed as targeted persecution of Muslims and engineered communal division — a closed proto-Pakistan grievance arc. Aurangzeb sympathetic, jizya explained as a shariah levy, Din-i-Ilahi corrected by Mujaddid Alf Sani. Counterweights: Nur Jahan as a political actor at length; Ahmad Shah Abdali honoured; Khushal Khan Khattak and Rahman Baba named."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Subcontinental history; low fauj density"
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Treated as rebels sapping the Mughal empire; jizya explained as a shariah levy; 1857 aftermath framed as targeted persecution of Muslims and engineered communal division. Theme-grade."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 26,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Nur Jahan given an unusually long treatment as a political actor (pp.26–28)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "KP's Mughal volume, strictly 1526 to 1857, roughly ninety-five per cent subcontinental with no world-Islamic history at all, which is a completely different slice from Punjab's class-7 history. The Pashtun thread is the distinctive feature and it runs throughout: Sher Shah Suri's Afghan dynasty at admiring length, Ahmad Shah Abdali honoured as founder of an independent Afghanistan, Khushal Khan Khattak and Rahman Baba named as the great poets of the era, Syed Ahmad Barelvi's jihad state at Akora Khattak and his death at Balakot, and the 1857 reprisals at Nowshera. A3 and A4 sit at 4 because 1857 is taught as a War of Independence whose aftermath is framed as targeted persecution of Muslims and engineered communal division, a closed proto-Pakistan grievance arc. Aurangzeb is sympathetic and jizya is explained as a shariah levy, holding A1 at 3 and A6 at 3. Nur Jahan's unusually long treatment as a political actor gives A7 3. All of it is structure-and-proper-noun evidence from Urdu OCR; the register is not established."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-islamiyat-7-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 97,
      "sizeMB": 15.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-7/islamiyat-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "e3cf5f361b5f63dc5391285f847309a86de5ab0ffe7965ea2ca949e6d4ec7611",
      "title": "Islamiat 7 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1mq34opMGWq3Gw-9qJ_Re8Y-wL0TBjQOK",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Same book as Sindh Islamiyat 7 — shared score."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Same book as Sindh Islamiyat 7 — reported once"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Same syllabus as Sindh 7 (Salahuddin lesson, rights of the sick and of guests). Theme-grade."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "One of four — Hazrat Ayesha, first position"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "The same 2006-curriculum class-7 Islamiyat Sindh publishes, identified by the shared Salahuddin lesson and the material on the rights of the sick and of guests, with Hazrat Ayesha first among four personalities. Under the shared-book rule the scores are reported once and no board difference should be claimed. A5 and A6 come from the Sindh reading; the KP copy is Urdu-medium theme-grade, so presence is established and framing is not. Treat this as a pointer to the Sindh analysis, not independent KP evidence."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-urdu-7-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 151,
      "sizeMB": 13.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-7/urdu-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "47895cf626c6c5567b4e0c0b865ae2b8642b55e95ec467508f717e61714ee7f9",
      "title": "Urdu 7 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=16i6PH4UVjM647naYTCGLSEpFWiBcC83P",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A5": 4,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Hamd and naat open the book; then Ghazi Ilm-ud-Din Shaheed, Colonel Sher Khan Shaheed, and a nazm on the Arabs before Islam."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 14,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Theme-grade but the proper nouns are legible: غازی علم الدین شہید (urdu-7-ur · pp.14–18) and کرنل شیر خان of Kargil, Nishan-e-Haider, Swabi (· line 524, lesson pp.19–24). Two consecutive martyrdom lessons at units 3–4"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "تعلیمِ نسواں (women's education) + women in the Pakistan Movement"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "A pre-SNC Urdu reader whose front matter cites the 2006 curriculum explicitly and whose contents page is unreadable, so lesson titles are reconstructions. It is the most martial of KP's Urdu books at this level: two consecutive martyrdom lessons sit at units three and four, on Ghazi Ilm-ud-Din and on Colonel Sher Khan of Kargil, the latter a Nishan-e-Haider recipient from Swabi. Those proper nouns are legible in the OCR even though the surrounding prose is not, which is what supports A5 4 at medium confidence. A1 4 comes from the hamd and naat opening plus a nazm on the Arabs before Islam. A7 of 3 rests on a women's-education lesson and a piece on women in the Pakistan Movement, both identified by content rather than printed title. The book also carries a provincial survey lesson on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, part of KP's pattern of localising geographically rather than literarily; notably no Pashto poet appears anywhere in KP's Urdu readers."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-english-8-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 207,
      "sizeMB": 22.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-8/english-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "62f86a42fb1f09f89ca4e9913e41dde3d52df53f1f0f707dff6d6b9add40c1ff",
      "title": "English 8 KPK (legacy)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1a9grRdcaMwwfyD_6cYTw7eQUQrZm8ko8",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 5,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 1,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 7,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Lesson 1 on the Prophet and justice opens the book · PAGE 7; Lesson 13 Ibn-e-Sina, A Great Muslim Scientist · PAGE 130; Rumi's The Guest House. Offset by a full unit on the Chinese New Year."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 194,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The p.194–197 \"living responsibly\" lesson is manners (bus seats, mobile volume, littering). Equality before the law appears once, as prophetic virtue: \"They applied law te the poor and forgave the rich\" PAGE 12 [OCR: te for to]. Zero hits for democracy, constitution, human rights, parliament, minority, equality"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero martial content. Sindbad, Babbage, Chinese New Year, Rumi, Ibn-e-Sina"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 118,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The Chinese New Year — a full unit on a non-Muslim foreign festival, opening with \"Can you name a few festivals of Pakistan? What is your favourite festival? How does your family celebrate…\" (p.118). Plus Sindbad, Grimm, Rumi, Babbage."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 88,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "An old lady who works hard to earn (p.88) — a pitied figure, not an agent"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "The class-8 reader, and the most literary and least civic book in KP's English series. Its reading list is a classic anthology rather than a themed commission: Sindbad, Grimm's Old Sultan, Rumi's The Guest House, Charles Babbage, Ibn-e-Sina, and a full unit on the Chinese New Year that opens by asking pupils to compare it with festivals their own families celebrate. That unit, a whole lesson on a non-Muslim foreign festival, is what earns A6 1. The cost of the anthology approach is measurable: this is the book with the longest mean sentence length in the entire corpus, because the classic prose was never levelled to grade. A2 is 5 because the book's living-responsibly lesson is manners about bus seats, mobile volume and littering, with zero hits for democracy, constitution, human rights, parliament, minority or equality. A1 4 comes from a Prophet-and-justice lesson opening the book and the Ibn-e-Sina unit. As with the other KP readers, roughly half the unit titles are reconstructions."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-general-science-8-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 169,
      "sizeMB": 18.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-8/general-science-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "46f7272092d33e3adf9cfc7a0da9857ee0e196a8b629aa146872395fbcdc99b0",
      "title": "General Science 8 KPK (legacy)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1UqEis1UIuJYjsUgKhzYfYGDy3j4TktA1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "The most content-neutral book in the entire corpus for social analysis, and it carries no lens evidence entries at all for exactly that reason: zero religious tokens across 169 pages, a religious-term density of 0.00, which is the corpus floor and the source of its A1 of 1. Architecturally it is the same book Sindh publishes at class 8, chapter for chapter. Its substantive content is modern in places, with a full biotechnology chapter carrying genetic-modification material, but it contains no COVID-19 content whatsoever, which dates its content to before 2020 regardless of the reprint year and confirms the edition audit's finding that KP never modernised class-8 English or General Science when it moved the other four subjects onto the 2022 curriculum. A7 is 5 on a countable English-medium basis: one female token in 32,765 words. There is little else to say about this book, and a researcher should not read its silence on religion as a KP-wide pattern; the neighbouring KP science volumes are not silent."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-geography-8-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 185,
      "sizeMB": 16.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-8/geography-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "672697eb8f945c0dfada594929eb1c98542b684f9025eb96e9942fea4172c56d",
      "title": "8th Class Geography KPTBB Text Book PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/8th-class-geography-kptbb-text-book-pdf-pae",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC / NCP 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "DCTE KP approval dated 16-07-2022; (c) National Book Foundation",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-geography-8-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 49,
      "sizeMB": 23,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "PDFsharp 1.32.2608-g (www.pdfsharp.net) (Original",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-8/geography-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "67a988677098c6141a200b188630723850164055a76ebb39e989c3bda288bd24",
      "title": null,
      "sourceUrl": null,
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC / NCP 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "DCTE KP approval dated 16-07-2022; (c) National Book Foundation",
      "note": "One of the four KP books actually rebuilt on the 2022 curriculum, approved by DCTE KP in July 2022 and copyrighted to the National Book Foundation in Islamabad rather than authored provincially. Its most striking feature for a provincial board's text is that it has no KP-specific section anywhere: the province appears only as points on national lists, Peshawar as an industrial centre, Torkham, the Khyber Pass, the Karakoram corridor. Two of its six chapters are climate and environment, and development is taught through indicators rather than ideology, with HDI credited to Mahbub ul Haq and an explicit Norway-versus-Pakistan comparison table. That secular, technical content is why A1 is 1. A2 5 and A7 5 are Urdu-OCR absence claims on a short book and should be read as not established. The 49-page figure in the metadata is a two-up spread scan, not the printed extent, so page-count comparisons against other volumes will mislead."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-history-8-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 153,
      "sizeMB": 27.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-8/history-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "57dfb8637ccab754bdcd72e4212c4e4504d5fb3301e2ddfb0b84aa47e8cce9af",
      "title": "Class 8th History KPK Text Book PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/class-8th-history-kpk-text-book-pdf-elz",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC / NCP 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "DCTE KP letter 3427-30/SNC-2022History(U)/VIII dated 16-07-2022; (c) National Book Foundation",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-history-8-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 59,
      "sizeMB": 27.2,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "PDFsharp 1.32.2608-g (www.pdfsharp.net) (Original",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-8/history-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "6c711829cd7ea66a56380f4fa3b5fc0d784e208806a6b09e3a6cbee482fe7565",
      "title": null,
      "sourceUrl": null,
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC / NCP 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "DCTE KP letter 3427-30/SNC-2022History(U)/VIII dated 16-07-2022; (c) National Book Foundation",
      "note": "The most current history text in the entire corpus and the single most important KP book in the study, which is unfortunate because it is also Urdu-medium and carries the study's largest evidentiary hole. Rebuilt on the 2022 curriculum under a National Book Foundation copyright, it narrates post-1971 civilian politics all the way to the 2022 no-confidence vote, with Bhutto, Zia, Nawaz and Imran all present, plus CPEC, SCO accession and the 2014 APS Peshawar attack. It is also the only Urdu book in the corpus with recoverable institutional civics, including the Senate, the National Assembly, the right to vote and the Eighth Amendment dissolution power, which lifts A2 to 3. Its colonial framing is double-edged. Two absences are editorial rather than OCR artefacts, because the names would survive degraded script: there is no Bacha Khan, no Khudai Khidmatgars and no Qissa Khwani Bazaar in a KP board's own history. The A6 register is explicitly unresolved between bands 3 and 4 and must not be cited either way, and A7 5 is flagged as the weakest score in the gender lens."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-islamiyat-8-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 70,
      "sizeMB": 18.6,
      "textTier": "partial",
      "producer": "PDFsharp 1.32.2608-g (www.pdfsharp.net) (Original",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-8/islamiyat-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "f423c97b0f98ba24f434d74a461845ae859171b7de28159e7072b645a940205b",
      "title": "Islamiat Lazmi 8 KPK SNC 2023",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1pN3CXikrAtI9ve1UGYJPEaMNxW8ZQ5MY",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 65,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "2022 rebuild; devotional core, musawat, huqooq al-ibad, moderation and a named-social-media lesson · PAGE 65–69."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "2022 rebuild; Mu'tah martyrdoms inside Seerah; a i'tidal/moderation lesson ([track islamiyat](/studies/track-islamiyat/) §2.4). No jihad lesson"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 65,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Rebuilt on the 2022 curriculum; closing block on i'tidal/moderation (p.65). No out-group lesson identifiable. Theme-grade; not established either way."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Juwayriyah and Safiyyah — 2 of ~12 profiles (2022 rebuild)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC / NCP 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "NOC 2433-37/SNC-2022/Islamiat dated 12-05-2022",
      "note": "A genuine 2022 rebuild rather than a reprint, approved under an SNC-2022 NOC in May 2022 and sourced from Afaq Publishers in Lahore. Its shape is devotional rather than polemical: a core of ritual and belief, plus musawat, the rights owed to fellow humans, a closing block on i'tidal or moderation, and a named lesson on social media, which is the clearest sign of recent authorship in KP's religious provision. There is no jihad lesson and no identifiable out-group lesson, so A6 2 is recorded as not established either way rather than as demonstrated absence. Juwayriyah and Safiyyah appear among roughly twelve personality profiles, giving A7 4. The comparison that matters here is vintage-matched: set against Punjab's own 2022-curriculum class-8 Islamiyat, both score 4 on gender and the board gap disappears entirely, which is a useful control for anyone tempted to read KP-Punjab differences elsewhere as editorial rather than generational."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-urdu-8-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 95,
      "sizeMB": 43.6,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "PDFsharp 1.32.2608-g (www.pdfsharp.net) (Original",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-8/urdu-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "0645ca17353ea6cbd41fe395013f3a8f9932a4c6f79a2eb25e0c5617d41bcd59",
      "title": "Urdu 8 KPK SNC 2023",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1wGy4t4pHeRelE3irsFixJvWmIrEawHVg",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A5": 4,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Hamd/naat then the Khutba-e-Hajjat-ul-Wida; al-Khwarizmi profile. Badly degraded file."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 33,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Theme-grade, worst-OCR file in the corpus. A Kargil martyrdom narrative — the martyr's body taken by Indian forces, his rifle still in his grip; \"the Government of Pakistan awarded him the honour of Nishan-e-Haider\" (urdu-8-ur · pp.33–34; substance recoverable, wording not). Also the army-valour piece citing Indian press praise ([track urdu](/studies/track-urdu/) §2.11)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Most degraded file in the corpus; not established"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC / NCP 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "DCTE KP letter 2413-17/SNC/2022/Urdu dated 12-05-2022",
      "note": "The most degraded file in the corpus, with more than half its pages producing unusable text; its contents page survives only as a learning-outcomes column, from which two lesson titles leaked. What did come through is a 2022-curriculum reader that still runs a martial spine: a Kargil martyrdom narrative in which the martyr's body is taken by Indian forces with his rifle still in his grip and the state awards him the Nishan-e-Haider, plus a separate army-valour piece citing Indian press praise for Pakistani soldiers. The substance of those lessons is recoverable, the wording is not, and nothing here may be quoted. A1 3 comes from a hamd and naat opening followed by the Farewell Sermon, and from an al-Khwarizmi profile. A7 5 is explicitly not established. This is the book on which absence claims carry the least weight anywhere in the study, and a researcher should treat its lesson inventory as demonstrably incomplete rather than merely uncertain."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-biology-9-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 231,
      "sizeMB": 53,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "PDFsharp 1.32.2608-g (www.pdfsharp.net)",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/biology-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "7528521d137011e1593c2502bc8fb1d849b44393325218771a56d2bc8b73a3cb",
      "title": "Biology 9 EM KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=16amDNW2YiR83zZEygCyaWDJJqNutLd--",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "printed 2025-26",
      "editionNote": "DCTE NOC 1304-06/F.03/Vol-I dated 23-02-2018 — print run, not a new edition",
      "note": "A National Curriculum 2006 biology approved by DCTE Abbottabad in February 2018 and printed for the 2025-26 academic year; the recent stamp is a print run, not a new edition, and the book's content predates 2020, with zero COVID-19 material. Its nine-chapter structure is the same list Sindh runs. It carries the longest scriptural section of the three class-9 biology books in the corpus, a dedicated section on the Holy Quran and biological science running six verses under a creation-and-guidance frame, followed immediately by a section on Muslim scientists, and it examines pupils on both, which is why A1 is 3 rather than 2. Against that, it has the most developed careers-in-biology content of any board and the only substantive province-specific localisation found in KP science, on the hunting of migratory birds passing through Chitral. A7 is 5 on a countable basis: three female tokens in 51,382 words. The scan carries around ninety-seven watermark lines and inserted advertising pages, so its raw page count overstates its content extent."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-biology-9-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 291,
      "sizeMB": 51.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/biology-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "34824aeb38c1170214853879ee1230ff2eb2e9620c9997c9c6a404328a2e8e8a",
      "title": "9th Class Biology (UM) Text Book KPK Board PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-biology-um-text-book-kpk-board-pdf-zsb",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "printed 2025-26",
      "editionNote": "DCTE NOC 1304-06/F.03/Vol-I dated 23-02-2018 — print run, not a new edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-chemistry-9-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Chemistry",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 265,
      "sizeMB": 58.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "3-Heights™ PDF Toolbox API 6.12.0.6 (http",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/chemistry-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "8da6a79c05f970d04a497aaa62d8b13e825b6147edf936621b751cc937016ee2",
      "title": "Chemistry 9 KPK (medium unconfirmed, likely EM)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1FpoFd8DcOUG1CKiVXGgvQUG17xhUs4Ya",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 7,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Muslim Period 600–1600 AD section — \"The period of Muslims is generally called the period of 'Al-Chemists' in the history of chemistry\" (chemistry-9-en · PAGE 7), pp.6–8. No scripture."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Contains the corpus's only named woman scientist — and only as a puzzle answer. See §8.2"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2019-20",
      "editionNote": "DCTE NOC 1180-82/F.03/Vol-I dated 15-02-2018",
      "note": "A 2006-curriculum chemistry NOC'd in February 2018, whose eight chapters are the same eight titles in the same order as Sindh's, with the convergence running down to matching section headings. Structurally it is the clearest example of the narrow-and-thick design: about thirty pages per unit across eight units, against Punjab's roughly thirteen pages across thirteen chapters. Its religious content is historical rather than scriptural, a section on the Muslim period from 600 to 1600 AD describing it as the era of the alchemists, which is why A1 sits at 2 with no scripture anywhere. Its most cited feature is a gender one and it is unflattering: this book contains the corpus's only named woman scientist, and only as the answer to a naming puzzle about why curium's symbol is Cm rather than C, Cu or Cr. Marie Curie never appears as a scientist who did something, which is why the A7 of 5 stands despite the mention. The book also has zero climate-change content."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-english-9-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 161,
      "sizeMB": 22.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/english-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "4e34e66a48cd82a48698952a2f02ded3bb1cb192f093caa3054821da9370d746",
      "title": "English 9 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1-ZC8XE5n9WE_AA4j4JFYfiurqnMrVitq",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 3,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 1,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Lesson 1 Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, the Model of Tolerance opens the book; a unit pairing The Madina Charter with the 1948 UDHR; a Hazrat Umar famine lesson. Highest religious-term density of any English reader in the corpus (6.22/1,000)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 49,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 5 pairs The Madina Charter with the UDHR, PAGE 49–55: \"In 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nation unanimously adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights\"; the thirty articles are named as \"thirty points\" and several are rendered — equality, freedom from torture, protection by a law that \"is the same for everybody\", and the right to take part in the government of one's country [this last sentence is OCR-fused in the source and is not quotable]. Task: \"Compare Madina Charter with the UN Human Rights Charter.\" PAGE 55. Framed as vindicating Islam: \"shows that Islam is the greatest proteceor of Human Rights\" PAGE 51 [OCR: proteceor]"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero. Role model is The Fantastic Shoemaker, a Peshawar artisan. No Nishan-e-Haider in any KP English book, classes 6–9"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 5 pairs The Madina Charter with The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in a single unit: \"The Universal declaration of Human Rights: … approved on 10th December, 1948… We are all free and equal. We are all born free. We all have our own thoughts and ideas. We should all be treated in the same way.\" (p.~52). No Punjab or Sindh English unit places an Islamic source text beside an international instrument this way."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Lowest-scoring reader in the corpus; no gender unit; The Old Woman (Joseph Campbell) is an elegiac, passive figure"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "Still labelled a Test Edition, this 2006-curriculum reader is simultaneously the most religiously saturated English reader in the corpus and the one that does the most interesting comparative work with that material. It has the highest religious-term density of any English reader measured, at 6.22 per thousand, opening with a lesson on the Prophet as a model of tolerance and carrying a Hazrat Umar famine lesson, hence A1 4. But its fifth unit places the Madina Charter directly beside the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, renders several UDHR articles, and sets the task of comparing the two. No Punjab or Sindh English unit puts an Islamic source text next to an international instrument this way, and it is the only teaching of a named international rights instrument anywhere in KP, absent from both KP Pakistan Studies books; that yields A2 3 and A6 1, though the framing is vindicatory rather than neutral. It is also the least gender-balanced volume in the corpus by pronoun ratio, with no gender unit at all, and it contains no Nishan-e-Haider, as no KP English reader does."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-islamiyat-9-10-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9-10",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 126,
      "sizeMB": 24.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "PDFsharp 1.32.2608-g (www.pdfsharp.net)",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/islamiyat-9-10-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-22",
      "sha256": "6b5649da08777ca58d0b6c9566423576543dc0023a51f8e9dabb6dda7e4c2c87",
      "title": "Islamiat Lazmi 9-10 KPK (complete 126pp)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1wKVG3igYmpVu4sBMexSTNadnCO55Bc9g&export=download&confirm=t",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 7,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Newly complete 126-pp scan — supersedes the 61-pp fragment flagged in [track islamiyat](/studies/track-islamiyat/) §7. Quran-centred on Surah Al-Anfal, Al-Ahzab, Muhammad and Al-Hujurat (index · PAGE 7–8); thematic study covers tawheed, love and obedience to Allah and His Messenger, taharat and congregational prayer, zakat, collective life, and a Hijrat-o-Jihad lesson — so the jihad gap flagged as unverifiable is now closed at the level of presence; its framing remains unreadable. Carries an ulema attestation page certifying nothing in it conflicts with Quran and Sunnah · PAGE 4."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "Not a class-9 Islamiyat but a single combined 9 plus 10 Islamiat Lazmi volume, which is why its index runs past the printed page range of one grade and why its two index pages list different surah sets. It follows the four-part 2006 national scheme: Quranic text with translation organised as numbered lessons over Al-Anfal, Al-Ahzab, Muhammad and Al-Hujurat; memorisation; selected ahadith; and a thematic study covering tawheed, obedience, purity and congregational prayer, zakat, collective life, and a Hijrat-o-Jihad lesson. It carries an ulema attestation page certifying nothing in it conflicts with Quran and Sunnah. Its A1b of 3 and A7 of 5 are both low-confidence and the gender score is explicitly provisional. Two traps for researchers: several older lens and track passages still describe this book from a truncated 61-page scan that has since been superseded by the complete 126-page file, so their absence claims about jihad framing are stale; and the presence of a Hijrat-o-Jihad lesson closes that gap only at the level of presence, never framing."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-mutalea-quran-9-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Mutalea Quran",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 245,
      "sizeMB": 54.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "GPL Ghostscript 10.00.0",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/mutalea-quran-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-22",
      "sha256": "598afe066d23e74501592014183dbce54729ec03f4b36f4cce6e0b30fc1c5fc2",
      "title": "Mutalea Quran 9 KPK (245pp)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cdn.ilmkidunya.com//files/customfiles/2025/09/Mutalea%20Quran%20for%20class%209th%20book.pdf%20(1).pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Quranic study text; devotional and ritual register, in-tradition."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "The book that makes KP structurally unlike the other two boards. Mutalea-e-Quran is a second compulsory religious subject taken alongside Islamiyat, with no counterpart in Punjab or Sindh, and at 245 pages it is the largest single religious volume in the corpus. Together with the combined Islamiat Lazmi it means a KP class-9 pupil carries 371 pages of compulsory religious instruction against Punjab's 170 and Sindh's 176, roughly 2.1 times either board, before any judgement about content is made. The book itself is a surah-by-surah study with translation, revelation-context background including the Abyssinian migration and the Makkan persecutions, ruku-wise comprehension questions and multiple-choice items. Its register reads as exegetical and devotional, and its A1b of 3 reflects that, but the confidence is low and the crucial caveat is that nothing polemical being recoverable from Urdu OCR is not the same as nothing polemical being present. The instructional-volume finding is solid; the register finding is not."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 103,
      "sizeMB": 19.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "PDF Annotator 9.0.0.920 [PDFsharp 1.32.2608-g (www.pdfsharp.net)]",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/pakistan-studies-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "86c24436ea4155121a6a10eb47bdc190befa12628a88c79b21f0d14c2eb0a3ab",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies 9 EM KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1-IfXwFa3iL0M67_ahn4K31AXblr0rham",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 5,
        "A4": 3,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 6,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ch.1 Ideological Basis of Pakistan opens the book: \"Pakistan came into being on the basis of an ideology. That is why Pakistan is called an ideological state\" · PAGE 6; \"The ideology of Pakistan was simultaneously a religious, political and economic ideology\" · PAGE 7. Density 15.11/1,000."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 77,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Constitutions appear only as constitution-making history, ending in 1971. The book's sole rights enumeration is attributed to the dead 1956 constitution in the past tense: \"Constitution conferred equal basic rights to all citizens. These rights include right to safety of life and property, freedom of expression, freedom of gathering and right to serve.\" PAGE 77. The 1973 Constitution is not taught here at all. Zero hits for Senate, separation of powers, UDHR, civil society, free press, minority rights"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 12,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero source vocabulary; 2 inquiry-verb hits in 26k words. Two-Nation dated conventionally: \"Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first political leader who expounded the idea that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations\" (pakistan-studies-9-en · PAGE 12), triggered by the 1867 Banaras anti-Urdu movement. 1971 indicts Pakistan's own rulers: \"a never ending military dictatorship was becoming strong in the country. Awami League, the wining party of 1970 elections was deprived of the power by one pretext or another. The result was the separation of East Pakistan\" (PAGE 94); \"Many innocent citizens along with the Armed persons were killed in the military action. As a result people of East Pakistan became enemies of the Army\" (PAGE 94); and uniquely, a named counterfactual — \"Last Governor of the East Pakistan, Dr. M.M. Malik, advised President General Yahya Khan to solve the matter through political Means, but his proposals were not taken into account\" (PAGE 94). Held at 3 by the retained \"NEGATIVE ROLE OF HINDU TEACHERS\" cause (PAGE 95), a unique anti-American conspiracy cause — \"the process of separation of East Pakistan was secretly supported by America\" (PAGE 95) — and \"India by force separated East Pakistan\" (PAGE 92). Surrender not named."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 95,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Bloc characterisation, one section-heading deep: \"7. NEGATIVE ROLE OF HINDU TEACHERS — After establishment of Pakistan, unfortunately, Bangali Muslims had always been backward in education than Hindus. The Hindu teachers were in majority in schools and colleges. They prepared the minds of new generations to rebel against the ideology of Pakistan.\" (p.95). Also \"the Hindu majority and the anti-Muslim [Congress]\" (p.13); \"the permanent domination of Hindu[s]\" (p.24); \"for Muslims to finish the Hindu Muslim enmity forever\" (p.19) — though that same page adds \"Interestingly, this idea was supported by some Hindu leaders including Lala Lajpat Rai.\""
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 11,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Under a heading \"6. EQUAL RIGHTS OF MINORITIES\": \"The Pakistani Hindus, Sikhs, Christians, Parsees and followers of other religions are working for the progress and stability of Pakistan, shoulder to shoulder, with their Muslim Pakistani compatriots. Many among them are serving on important posts in different government departments including the Armed Forces of Pakistan. The patriotism of these Non-Muslim Pakistani citizens has become a model and example for other nations of the world.\" (p.11). Also concedes, in the ideology chapter, that pre-1947 \"not just Muslims but other minorities and low caste Hindus were also treated unequally\" (p.9)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 95,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Adversary but not demonised, and blame is distributed: India armed and trained the refugees, but \"the process of separation of East Pakistan was secretly supported by America\" (p.95). \"enemy\" occurs once in the whole book — and it refers to the Pakistan Army: \"people of East Pakistan became enemies of the Army\" (p.94)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e07",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 94,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Grievance legitimate, blame internal: \"Awami League, the wining party of 1970 elections was deprived of the power by one pretext or another. The result was the separation of East Pakistan\"; \"Many innocent citizens along with the Armed persons were killed in the military action.\" (p.94)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e08",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "women occurs once in 24,912 words; every other female token is a personified nation or party (§1.3a)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "printed 2024-25",
      "editionNote": "Federal Curriculum Wing letter F.6-8/2009-SSG dated 28-05-2010 — print run, not a new edition",
      "note": "A four-chapter Pakistan Studies approved by the Federal Curriculum Wing in 2010 and printed for the 2024-25 academic year, so its modern-looking stamp is a print run over a fifteen-year-old text. English-medium and therefore quotable, it is the most evidentially rich book in the KP set and the most internally divided. Its 1971 chapter indicts Pakistan's own rulers, naming a never-ending military dictatorship, the Awami League being deprived of power, innocent citizens killed in the military action, and a counterfactual in which the last governor of East Pakistan urged a political solution and was ignored. The word enemy occurs once in the whole book and refers to the Pakistan Army. Yet the same chapter retains a section headed on the negative role of Hindu teachers and adds a unique claim that America secretly supported the separation, which is why A6 splits between 4 for Hindus as a bloc and 1 for its warm section on Pakistani minorities. A3 is 5: zero source vocabulary and two inquiry verbs in 26,000 words. Women appear once in 24,912 words, in a book a woman co-wrote."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-physics-9-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Physics",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 263,
      "sizeMB": 30.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/physics-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "251d2a227610706b372ea568029414c004edf6c72fd1c5ce6eefd562b70ac1fa",
      "title": "Physics 9 EM KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1GNMo6tGFx6OvnewE9djx5P92Q3uRJqUp",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 4,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Chapter 1 carries a \"QURAAN AND PHYSICS\" heading · PAGE 4 and a full page of Quranic verses · PAGE 5 — \"He who created seven heaven[s] in layers… Do they not think? Do they not contemplate?\" — before any physics content, followed immediately by \"ISLAMIC WORLD CONTRIBUTION TO PHYSICS\" (Yaqub Kindi, Al-Beruni) and \"FAMOUS PAKISTANI PHYSICISTS\" · PAGE 5–6. Neither Punjab nor Sindh Physics 9 has any equivalent."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Highest science ratio in the corpus and, unusually, real: worked problems use female actors (\"A driver is traveling at 18 m/s when she sees a red light\", \"The mass of a girl is 60 kg\")"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "A 2006-curriculum physics of eight units that folds elasticity into properties of matter and, unlike Punjab, carries no magnetism at grade nine. Its distinctive feature is unmistakable: chapter one carries a heading pairing the Quran and physics and a full page of Quranic verses before any physics content appears, followed immediately by a boxed section on the Islamic world's contribution to physics profiling Yaqub Kindi and Al-Beruni, and then famous Pakistani physicists. Neither Punjab nor Sindh's class-9 physics has any equivalent opening, and this is the only physics book in the corpus containing Quranic verses, which is what drives A1 to 3. The counterweight is real and unusual: this is the most gender-balanced science book in the corpus, because its worked problems routinely use female actors, a driver who brakes, a girl whose mass is given, a woman applying force. That is an authoring habit no other board shows, and it is why A7 is 4 rather than 5. Note that OCR of the verse page is poor and the surah references are not legible."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-urdu-9-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 145,
      "sizeMB": 15,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-9/urdu-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "b6fcb36cf17d9eb1afcfd31bb849746ad769040db083f03f8c0f80682b13f235",
      "title": "Urdu 9 KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1bPDiItngNGKzzZw1czjU_0taf06SISHs",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Same book as Punjab Urdu 9. Opens with a Seerah prose lesson; hamd opens the poetry section; naat follows; Iqbal's Tulu-e-Islam."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "The literary anthology shared with Punjab 9 ([track urdu](/studies/track-urdu/) §5.1). Iqbal's طلوعِ اسلام; and it lacks the extra patriotic/terrorism lesson Punjab 9 adds"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Same 2006 anthology as Punjab 9; 19 selections, all male-authored"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2006-curriculum reprint",
      "editionNote": "DCTE Abbottabad, NC-2006 series",
      "note": "Established in the Urdu track as effectively the same book Punjab publishes at class 9, with all eleven prose lessons matching and a shared poetry section, both boards working from the 2006 National Curriculum for Urdu Lazmi IX. Under the shared-book rule the score is reported once. It is also the best-reconstructed Urdu file in the KP set, because its contents page survives split into prose and poetry halves and every lesson is preceded by a clean author-biography page with dates, which is how the inventory was recovered rather than guessed. A1 4 comes from a seerah prose lesson opening the book, a hamd opening the poetry section, a naat, and Iqbal's Tulu-e-Islam. A5 is only 2, notably lower than KP's own class 6, 7 and 8 Urdu readers, and lower than Punjab's version of this same anthology, because KP does not add the extra patriotic and terrorism lesson Punjab appends. A7 5 rests on all nineteen selections being male-authored, a structural fact that survives OCR."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-biology-10-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 197,
      "sizeMB": 25.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-10/biology-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "3f7166f57c02b87d4917bd7b76e056f241d422346a8c5899bff62f916886d3ac",
      "title": "Biology 10 KPK (NC 2006)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://qasimtariq.com/360appebooks/KPK%20Textbooks%20Perfect24u/KPK%20Class%2010/Biology%20Class%2010%20kpk%20book.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 1,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "3 evaluation prompts and 3 open-opinion prompts across 60,302 words."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.43; anatomical rather than agentive."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "scan 2021",
      "editionNote": "No approval date published by any mirror",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-chemistry-10-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Chemistry",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 225,
      "sizeMB": 32.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ; modified using iText® 5.4.1 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (AGPL-version)",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-10/chemistry-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "22d772ab7b12bd7c5c972dba6e2195113c3e4e59a9b733e84e606cb89d7dafdc",
      "title": "Chemistry 10 KPK (NC 2006)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://ds0gx3ls7od5o.cloudfront.net/f2d69b02-ead9-4b00-9ba3-2ac44ca65f67.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.06 — 0.1 feminine tokens per 1,000 words across 55,101 words. No named woman scientist."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "'New Edition', scan 2021",
      "editionNote": "Unqualified 'New Edition' string; no approval date published",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-english-10-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 161,
      "sizeMB": 24.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-10/english-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "c8b3b9dd240934295b3d3b456137ca30f3c3d2ff4487fd239480b09410ba327d",
      "title": "English 10 KPK (NC 2006)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1OwXpcJjsWSmpfUHqmLlhC2wzzG_lQKA1&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "2.2/1k — the most religiously framed class-10 English reader in the corpus. Includes a dedicated Masjid of Cordoba passage."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 55,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "8 evaluation, 3 open — including \"in your opinion, is the significance of the Masjid of Cordoba to…\" (PAGE 55)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.2/1k. The Masjid of Cordoba passage treats a European setting as shared heritage rather than as a foreign other."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "Test Edition, scan 2021",
      "editionNote": "Cover reads 'Test Edition'; no approval date published by any mirror",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 131,
      "sizeMB": 60.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Canva",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-10/pakistan-studies-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-22",
      "sha256": "cca3583744e25904e9e4ddb956b62c792b2cb7b0b7d54b010473e1f8c22ec7db",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies 10 EM KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1LAW8JZynV6qGHrVyJc0QFQ8B8RdKR_oa",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 3,
        "A3": 5,
        "A4": 3,
        "A5": 3,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "3.9/1k. The Islamisation chapter is taught in the book's own voice as a period of national religious consolidation."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 13,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The densest civic vocabulary in KP's corpus — 4.8 tokens per 1,000 words — and the 1973 Constitution is taught as a real instrument: \"a new constitution based on federal and parliamentary principles. It was a written constitution… For the first time in the country's history a bicameral [legislature]\" (PAGE 13). It is scored 3 rather than 2 because no question in the volume asks the pupil to evaluate any of it; the constitution is content to be recalled, not an instrument the pupil is positioned to use."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 7,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero evaluation verbs and zero open-opinion prompts in the entire volume. Its learning outcomes are Explain, Discuss, Identify, Comprehend, Analyse (PAGE 7), and its assessment is date recall: \"When was the nationalization of industries announced? A. 2th January 1972 B. 12th January 1972…\" (PAGE 42). A4 = 3 rather than 5 because the content is politically frank: it narrates the 1970 election with \"In East Pakistan the Awami League carried the day while Pakistan People's Party won in West Pakistan. Differences emerged between the two parties\" (PAGE 8), and calls the 1973 document \"a constitution based on federal and parliamentary principles\" (PAGE 13)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 7,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "1.5/1k. The Afghan Jihad is a named learning outcome — \"Analyse the Afghan Jihad and the refugee problem and their impact\" (PAGE 7) — narrated as history rather than as aspiration."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "2.7/1k. India appears as adversary in the 1971 material; the register is inter-state political history."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.54; women appear commemoratively."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "NOC F.8-5/2011 SSG dated 4 April 2011",
      "note": "Published for KPTBB by Leading Books Publisher in Peshawar under a 2011 NOC and printed for 2022-23, its four chapters end their political narrative at the 2008 transition, with no CPEC and no 2013 or 2018 elections. It is the strongest civics text of the three boards' non-Sindh Pakistan Studies volumes and contains the corpus's most sustained criticism of Pakistan's own rulers: Zia's total ban on freedom of expression and political activities, the over-extension of his military rule denying institutions the chance to grow, 1999 named as the overthrow of an elected civilian government, Kargil treated as a loss of face, and the 2007 lawyers' movement narrated approvingly. It carries the corpus's only operational citizen-redress instruction, how to complain to the Wafaqi Mohtasib on plain paper by ordinary post, yet has zero hits for human rights or the UDHR. Its Afghan refugees section is the corpus's only sustained treatment of a resident foreign population and is net-negative. Note that books.json holds no scores or evidence for this id; its scoring lives in the lens documents, and its second chapter title was lost to OCR entirely."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 127,
      "sizeMB": 24.2,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-10/pakistan-studies-10-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-22",
      "sha256": "f4fde5b7c6c3302e98bd48714a5b3a6c4c46248934cd8e2c2c6b1a58003758af",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies 10 UM KPK",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1qzrxG-asAZVcrquh_6T9lCfiYVW1ptRy",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 3,
        "A3": 5,
        "A4": 3,
        "A5": 3,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Urdu counterpart of the same course; theme-grade."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "NOC F.8-5/2011 SSG dated 4 April 2011",
      "note": "The Urdu-medium twin of KP's class-10 Pakistan Studies, carrying the same 2011 NOC and the same 2022-23 academic year, at 127 pages against the English edition's 131. It was catalogued but never analysed: no extracted text exists for it, no scores, no evidence entries, and no mention in any lens or track report. Nothing can be said about its content beyond what its English counterpart implies, and that inference is untested."
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-physics-10-en",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Physics",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 269,
      "sizeMB": 39.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "A-PDF Watermark 4.7.6 ",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-10/physics-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "f7b02ccc350516f33b34252f50261bc9c84c7518b896e9e4de7351c01885b2e3",
      "title": "Physics 10 KPK (NC 2006)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1UpL-7CjAB34p9m6o6gJ1PdYjGtPpjFz1&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero religious tokens across 70,090 words."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 244,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.38 on a low base, but it is the only book in the corpus that names two women scientists and prints one of their portraits. Marie Curie appears with her dates — \"Marie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) conducted the most significant investigations of this\" (PAGE 244) — and Lise Meitner is credited with the theoretical explanation of nuclear fission: \"explained theoretically in January 1939 [by] Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch\" (PAGE 252), with Figure 18.12 - Lise Meitner on PAGE 253. Rescored from 5 to 3 on 23 Aug 2026."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "scan 2021",
      "editionNote": "No approval date published by any mirror",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kptbb-urdu-10-ur",
      "board": "KPTBB",
      "boardName": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "boardFull": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 170,
      "sizeMB": 26.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "PDFsharp 1.32.2608-g (www.pdfsharp.net)",
      "file": "kptbb-kp/class-10/urdu-10-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "7b69e1c05b8b8ffe7664fe2b3e871c1a4a523771227f4b994ffddb5579c6cda4",
      "title": "Urdu 10 KPK (NC 2006)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=15-dxNYNmqil73sSZpJ6PETUN-Xg3_emK&export=download",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "scan 2021",
      "editionNote": "No approval date published by any mirror",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-english-6-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 128,
      "sizeMB": 81.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat 11.0 Image Conversion Plug-in",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/english-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "523aa8b88362b165793dba57903d0d3784a974b025937a2073b8044ebf80239a",
      "title": "English SNC 2023-24 Class 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1J2WmRQ8acfiz3ZMCoWGisyE9qwnfclKY",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 4,
        "A5": 5,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 6,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 1 Seerat-un-Nabi ﷺ opens the book — \"Hazrat Muhammad … is the last Rasool of Allah. He … was born in Makkah Mukarramah\" (english-6-en · PAGE 6); Unit 2 Eid-ul-Fitr (· PAGE 20)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 2,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit Good Citizen, theme label \"Participatory Citizenship\" PAGE 2: the citizen \"must take care of his neighbours and fellow citizens. He must keep his surroundings clean\" PAGE 122; the plot ends with a girl calling the police helpline. One rights question, from a different unit: \"Does everyone in Pakistan have equal rights to education?\" PAGE 99"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 43,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 4 Major Shabbir Sharif Shaheed: \"he embraced martyrdom… awarded him with the Nishan-e-Haider\" (english-6-en · PAGE 43). Unit 11 A Poem by a Soldier. A third martial text appears as the model essay for teaching essay structure — Rashid Minhas Shaheed (· PAGE 120). Aspiration is explicit in the unit's dialogue drill: \"I want to be a soldier when I grow up… Pakistan Army is the best army in the world\" (· PAGE 44). Review question: \"Why should we not cry over the death of a soldier?\" (· PAGE 128)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 42,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Major Shabbir Sharif Shaheed: \"enemy\"/\"enemies\" ×10 in the file, all in this and the Rashid Minhas essay — \"His company destroyed four enemy tanks and held two indian battalions at bay\" (p.42); \"The enemy launched a counter attack led by air strikes\" (p.43). The Rashid Minhas essay adds a defector framing: the instructor sought \"to hijack the plane and land on an Indian airbase to join his Indian fellowmen\", and is called \"his traitor instructor\" (p.120). The text does not state the instructor's ethnicity; read it as India-adjacent treason framing, not ethnic othering."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 10 Education is my Right, SNC theme \"Gender Equality and Equity\"; girls present throughout; highest Punjab 6–8 ratio (english-6-en)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Twelve SNC-2022 units with their curriculum theme labels printed on the contents page (PAGE 2), so the ideological quota is legible before a word is read. It opens religious (Unit 1 Seerat-un-Nabi, Unit 2 Eid ul Fitr), fixing A1 at 4. A5 is 5 because the militarism is not incidental: Unit 4 is Major Shabbir Sharif Shaheed, Unit 11 is A Poem by a Soldier, and a third martial text, Rashid Minhas Shaheed, is the model essay used to teach essay structure (PAGE 120). Aspiration is explicit - \"I want to be a soldier when I grow up... Pakistan Army is the best army in the world\" (PAGE 44); the review asks \"Why should we not cry over the death of a soldier?\" (PAGE 128). A2 is 4 because the Good Citizen unit is duty only. A7 is 3 on Unit 10, Education is my Right, and the highest female-to-male token ratio (0.75) in the Punjab 6-8 readers. Careful: all ten \"enemy\" tokens sit in the two martial units, and the essay's \"traitor instructor\" is never given an ethnicity, so read it as treason framing rather than ethnic othering."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-general-science-6-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 153,
      "sizeMB": 35,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/general-science-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "64b1fd0dd9bc0da3ca63d756886f1ac617e6c64b4b5226b27da3d727be45a46f",
      "title": "General Science SNC 2023-24 Class 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1DBdylHYJf82704FwDsr3MpQNEy1h5U-k",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 1,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Bismillah · PAGE 1; one worldview aside — \"Plants are great blessings of Allah Almighty\" (general-science-6-en · PAGE 137). No religious section."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "A twelve-chapter SNC-2022 general science volume whose contents list had to be reconstructed from the learning-outcome pages (openers at pp.7, 24, 35, 47, 57, 70, 84, 101, 114, 123, 131, 139), running from Cells and Tissues to Our Solar System. Its Punjab-only fixture is a Technology in Everyday Life chapter, which recurs at classes 7 and 8, and it carries a \"Teacher Guide\" apparatus absent from the other boards - 32 callouts in this book alone. A1 is 2: a bismillah on PAGE 1 and one worldview aside, \"Plants are great blessings of Allah Almighty\" (PAGE 137), with no religious section. A7 is 5 on absence - two female-marked tokens in 35,755 words. The book was not a focus of the six social lenses and nothing further is established about it."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-geography-6-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 89,
      "sizeMB": 20.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/geography-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "4660b5187d1119b6ab39ec319e21cc0bf259292c84e58e34f9634ab790f11dc0",
      "title": "Geography SNC 2023-24 Class 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1OyJ19YeWpIFt6zjhTrLopJdtZVp2Wd0C",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Six units of overwhelmingly physical geography (rocks, mountains, climatic regions, forests, natural disasters, changing earth), printed 1 March 2022, with a strong technical strand on GIS, remote sensing, GPS and cartography (pp.19-20) and current climate content - the 2022 floods attributed to global warming and Karachi heat waves (p.69). There is no population or demography unit at all, a silence it shares with Punjab Geography 8, while KP and Sindh both teach demography. Religiously it is as secular as anything in the corpus: a bismillah on PAGE 1 and zero hits for Quran, Prophet or Hazrat, hence A1 1; A2 is 5 because the only \"Constitution\" occurrences are the AJK map disclaimer. The A6 of 4 rests entirely on one unit, which reproduces colonial racial ethnography as present-tense fact - \"Wild people with small height lives in Congo. People are uncivilized\", Amazonians \"known as Red Indians\", Arctic peoples \"Eskimos\" (pp.39-42) - and then recycles it as an examinable MCQ whose distractors are \"a. Pathan b. Red Indians c. Eskimos d. African\" (p.47). Do not generalise that passage to the board's register; the rest of the book is technocratic."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-geography-6-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 84,
      "sizeMB": 41.2,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 24.4.0.636",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/geography-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "e6b2ddf296fe88563a7aa4f40237231035beb0d223e77a6de47dde9fb655ac32",
      "title": "6th Class Geography (UM) SNC Punjab Textbook 2025 PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/6th-class-geography-um-snc-punjab-textbook-2025-pdf",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-history-6-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 104,
      "sizeMB": 84.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 24.4.0.636",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/history-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "b546ff36a0cce26e8433b19cd5a4f965975ee345eea58f4466ee599154b903eb",
      "title": "History SNC 2023-24 Class 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1VhVINAr69UPAtnh3h7Ddt_KoHAidCY_4",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 5,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 4,
        "A4": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "13.1 religious tokens per 1,000 words — the highest A1 recorded for any non-Islamiyat book anywhere in this corpus. In a class-6 history book."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Four chapters, 104 pages, and it stops at roughly 661 CE: Ancient Civilizations (pp.3-39), Persian, Greek and Roman (pp.40-58), Aryans, Kushans and Guptas (pp.59-80), Rise of Islamic Civilization (pp.81-102). There are zero occurrences of Mughal, British, colonial, Quaid, 1947, Pakistan Movement, Two-Nation or Sir Syed - the national narrative is deferred wholly out of this grade, which is why no A4 is scored. The distinctive feature is the \"Hazrat cliff\": all 180 \"Hazrat\" tokens sit inside the final 24 pages, which are functionally an Islamiyat chapter asserting revelation and the Mi'raj as fact - hence A1 4. That chapter is also the only one with no source-criticism apparatus in a book that opens by teaching primary versus secondary sources (PAGE 5), and A3 3 turns on that withdrawal plus the activity asking pupils to \"Justify that Indus Valley people... were easily defeated by Aryans\" (PAGE 30), thirty pages before the text hedges the invasion thesis (p.61). A6 is split 2/3: Hinduism is never named as a religion, while Aryans are taught as \"a white race\" (p.60). A7 5 - fifteen female against 249 male tokens, no woman named."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-history-6-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 88,
      "sizeMB": 46.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Synactis PDF In-The-Box version 3.12 (Demo)",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/history-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "cb82cd7e98dabe1e5e8d45f5e62e65cdf4135e817efa36ec13387a4f76cbe627",
      "title": "6th Class History Urdu Medium PCTB Text Book PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/6th-class-history-urdu-medium-pctb-text-book-pdf-42e",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-islamiyat-6-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 114,
      "sizeMB": 11.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Synactis PDF In-The-Box version 3.12 (Demo)",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/islamiyat-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "29a3f4dc79af8e706975291c1234ae58925c0ef9a08508275aded4ba42eb787e",
      "title": "Islamiat Class 6 (Urdu-only)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1sce17Q3P-dyNorHZpSdOTfST5-OMPHce",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 4,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Seven-bab devotional/ritual architecture; prophet-narrative Quran unit (islamiyat-6-ur · PAGE 4–6)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Ghazwat (Badr, Uhud) inside the Seerah unit only ([track islamiyat](/studies/track-islamiyat/) §2.3)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 4,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Badr, Uhud, founding of the Madinan state (index, p.4). Theme-grade."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Standing Ummahat al-Mu'mineen sub-unit (Khadijah, Sawdah); Fatima al-Zahra as \"Khatoon-e-Jannat\" ([track islamiyat](/studies/track-islamiyat/) §2.3)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Urdu medium, so structure and topics only. It uses Punjab's seven-bab architecture, stable across classes 6 to 9: Quran and Hadith; beliefs and worship; seerah; ethics; dealings and social conduct; sources of guidance and personalities; and a closing unit on Islamic teachings and the demands of the present age. Units five and seven have no counterpart in the Sindh or KP architectures and are the board's structural signature - here the modern unit covers the environment in human life and the rights of animals (index p.104; PAGE 106). The Quran unit is organised as a sequence of prophet-narratives with surah and ayah cross-references (Adam, Nuh, Hud, Salih, Lut, Shu'ayb, PAGE 6), which no Sindh or KP volume does. A1b is 3 - devotional and ritual, not polemical. A5 2 reflects Badr and Uhud sitting inside the seerah unit only; A6 3 is theme-grade, from index entries. A7 4 comes from the standing Ummahat al-Mu'mineen sub-unit (Khadijah, Sawdah) and Fatima al-Zahra as Khatoon-e-Jannat. No minority or non-Muslim lesson was identified, but on Nastaliq OCR that is not established either way."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-mutalea-quran-6-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Mutalea Quran",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 102,
      "sizeMB": 11.6,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/mutalea-quran-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "66f6e8a1791f3e630d69327364d12ecc9f2df7568eaeca2219fd544a6fd41d41",
      "title": "6th Class Tarjama ul Quran Punjab Text Book 2023",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/6th-class-tarjama-ul-quran-punjab-text-book-2022-mks",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-urdu-6-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 141,
      "sizeMB": 26.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-6/urdu-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "4cd10ec1bdf38ad2f4ab04644c74144be46be3f0a94cc8e8108ec9e1ad314f81",
      "title": "Urdu SNC 2023-24 Class 6",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1fjKTF0VJ9rGwEwrb1iYMZkuYxu4RmsdA",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A5": 5,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 9,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Naat material in the opening selections (urdu-6-ur · PAGE 9–12); no Seerah prose lesson recovered."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 55,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Theme-grade. A lesson at pp.55–59 names eleven Nishan-e-Haider recipients (Sarwar, Tufail Muhammad, Aziz Bhatti, Rashid Minhas, Muhammad Akram, Shabbir Sharif, Muhammad Hussain, Mahfuz, Sher Khan, Lalak Jan, plus Saif Ali Janjua/Hilal-e-Kashmir) — urdu-6-ur · PAGE 58. Exercise directs pupils to study the deeds of Pakistan Army martyrs and write up one martyr in their own words (· PAGE 64). Nishan-e-Haider defined again at · PAGE 77; a martyrdom narrative at · PAGE 79"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "No woman author; no women-focused lesson recovered ([track urdu](/studies/track-urdu/) §2.1, §4)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Urdu medium and the lesson inventory is only low-to-medium confidence: the fehrist at PAGE 4 survives in fragments and several lesson titles are unreadable, so no count of lessons should be inferred. What is recoverable is an essay-and-poem book - the genre markers are dominated by mazmoon and nazm with almost no prose fiction - opening with a hamd and naat material (PAGE 9-12), and carrying the standard SNC topic slots: Iqbal, Quaid-e-Azam, environment and pollution, agriculture and industry, moral lessons. A1 3 rests on the naat placement; no seerah prose lesson was recovered. The A5 of 5 is the striking score and it rests on proper nouns, which do survive degraded Nastaliq: a lesson at pp.55-59 naming eleven Nishan-e-Haider recipients (PAGE 58), an exercise directing pupils to research a Pakistan Army martyr and write him up in their own words (PAGE 64), the award defined again at PAGE 77 and a martyrdom narrative at PAGE 79. A7 4: no woman is credited as author and no women-focused lesson was recovered - not established rather than absent. Treat the A5 score as plus or minus one."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-english-7-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 137,
      "sizeMB": 27.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/english-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "a5a647818ef9e47c03b11122b790c77a340a9f0ce87672df63758ced4d27164d",
      "title": "English SNC 2023-24 Class 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1EyfyU6OAE61w2RqAQQSRx_hbvVaIm9ew",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 3,
        "A5": 5,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 1 The Last Sermon of Rasoolullah ﷺ opens the book, built wholly of hadith with Bukhari/Muslim citations (english-7-en · PAGE 8–11); Unit 7 Eid-ul-Adha narrates Ibrahim and Ismail (· PAGE 70)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 126,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Punjab's strongest civic passage sits here, not in a social-studies book: \"Media is known as the fourth pillar of democracy\" PAGE 126; \"The public read about current events, interpret them and learn to intelligently participate in the political, social and economic affairs of the country\" PAGE 126. Glossary teaches \"electorate\" PAGE 41. No rights, no institutions"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 21,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 2 Martyrs of Pakistan — two full martyr biographies. Major Tufail Muhammad: \"He embraced martyrdom on 7th August, 1958. He was awarded with the Nishan-e-Haider\" (english-7-en · PAGE 21). Rashid Minhas \"deliberately sacrificing his life for the honour of Pakistan… the nation remembers Rashid Minhas as a national hero with reverence, due to his bravery and supreme sacrifice\" (· PAGE 22). Post-reading: \"When is Defence Day celebrated?\" / \"Name the first martyr who was awarded Nishan-e-Haider\" (· PAGE 22); writing task \"Nishan-e-Haider and its significance\" (· PAGE 27)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 41,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "All 15 \"Hindu\" hits sit inside the Quaid-e-Azam unit's Two-Nation exposition — \"The Hindus and the British hostile to the demands of Muslims for a separate [state]\" (p.41). One positive: the Pakistani Culture unit credits \"mehendi, barat from the Hindu marriage culture\" (p.112)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 6 Pakistani Female Mountaineer (Samina Khayal Baig); Unit 8 The Wise Old Woman"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Twelve units plus four reviews. It opens with The Last Sermon of Rasoolullah (PAGE 8-11), built wholly out of hadith with Bukhari and Muslim citations, and carries Eid-ul-Adha at Unit 7, fixing A1 at 4. A5 is 5 for Unit 2, Martyrs of Pakistan: two full martyr biographies - Major Tufail Muhammad \"embraced martyrdom on 7th August, 1958\" and Rashid Minhas \"deliberately sacrificing his life for the honour of Pakistan\" (PAGE 21-22) - with the post-reading questions and the writing task \"Nishan-e-Haider and its significance\" (PAGE 27) built on them. The most notable feature cuts the other way: Punjab's strongest civic passage in twelve books sits here, not in a social-studies volume - \"Media is known as the fourth pillar of democracy\", and a public who \"interpret them and learn to intelligently participate in the political, social and economic affairs of the country\" (PAGE 126) - which is why A2 is 3. A6 3: all fifteen \"Hindu\" hits sit inside the Quaid-e-Azam unit's Two-Nation exposition, though the Pakistani Culture unit credits \"mehendi, barat from the Hindu marriage culture\" (p.112). A7 3, on Samina Khayal Baig and The Wise Old Woman."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-general-science-7-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 160,
      "sizeMB": 49.6,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "3.0.0.M10 (5.0.0.M6) ",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/general-science-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "ce891219fd8d97737219fedbbba3aaa8b4947a0c204fd7dad0a24edcc488de9f",
      "title": "General Science SNC 2023-24 Class 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=14r9bFkXbR_lBGma5m2Bh20Mm7vhWmMpW",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "The one Punjab science file extracted as native digital text rather than OCR, which makes its headline finding secure: zero religious tokens in the whole book, the cleanest A1 of 1 in the corpus - not even the bismillah the other Punjab science volumes carry survives in the extraction. Twelve chapters, sharing only about four titles with the Sindh and KP class-7 books, which are otherwise the same twelve-chapter book as each other; Punjab adds Immunity and Diseases, Chemical Bonds, Solutions and Technology in Everyday Life and drops the Water chapter both other boards give a full unit. Activity density is among the highest in the corpus at 66 activities. A7 is 5 on absence - one female-marked token in 41,060 words, a figure too small to interpret as a ratio. Beyond A1 and A7 the social lenses did not examine this volume, and nothing further about it is established."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-general-science-7-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 136,
      "sizeMB": 67,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 24.0.0.301",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/general-science-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "5c62360067cbcf2c0ab11ac36a131719879cca6dde8d617335bdae9eda2e00c0",
      "title": "7th Class General Science (UM) Punjab Textbook PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/7th-class-general-science-um-punjab-textbook-pdf-whg",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-geography-7-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 93,
      "sizeMB": 20.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/geography-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "86d0b17b00474a7ec8acfa8826e0dde5eee09dbf909df539854312d0f6c76508",
      "title": "Geography SNC 2023-24 Class 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1jcC0QyYAg_j0s_95ukvs-w9-eyLV9qQZ",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Six chapters running Plains and Rivers, Water Sources and Management, Settlements and Land Use, Agriculture, Climate Change and Minerals and Power - about sixty per cent human and economic geography, and unusually well supplied with real statistics: agriculture at 22.7 per cent of GDP and 37.4 per cent of the labour force (p.51), 83 per cent of cultivable area canal-dependent (p.50), the 2017 census at 63 per cent rural (p.43), plus Reko Diq, Thar, Sui and Khewra. The climate chapter is current on impacts (2022 floods, 2021 heat wave, p.69) but dated on diplomacy: Copenhagen 2009 is the only international action named, with no Paris Agreement and no COP series. A1 1 and A5 1 - no religious or martial content. A2 5: the only \"Constitution\" hits are the AJK map disclaimer, and \"a local government\" appears once inside a definition of \"town\" and is never explained. A7 5 on absence, with zero female-marked tokens in 16,094 words. Watermark damage is heavier here than in the History volume and the printed titles of chapters 2 and 4 are unrecoverable - check those against a printed copy."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-geography-7-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 84,
      "sizeMB": 37.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 24.4.0.636",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/geography-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "7d6b4a0b46ae259c6db966d929aab9616ad40e1c90c80538135a4c76a90fae31",
      "title": "7th Class Geography (UM) SNC PCTB Text Book 2025",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/7th-class-geography-um-snc-pctb-text-book-2025",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-history-7-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 108,
      "sizeMB": 110.6,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 24.4.0.636",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/history-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "0175aff7a4481f9f2e7e53f772b47be28fd748c17ddcdb130c4c8127abf905a5",
      "title": "History SNC 2023-24 Class 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=17ByBOJMShn8Mps2dOSMy5t2u7oTseZ59&export=download&confirm=t",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 4,
        "A4": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Five chapters, printed January 2023 with a print run of 1,411,460: Middle Ages in Europe, Spread of Islam, Muslim Dynasties and the Crusades, Muslims in South Asia, Modern Period in Europe. Roughly 40 pages go to Europe, making Punjab the only board teaching European history here; the Rashidun era is untaught and Muslim Spain nearly absent. A1 drops to 3: three of five chapters are Muslim-subject but the register is dynastic, six \"Hazrat\" in 106 pages, with one telling slip. Jerusalem is \"the site of the original temple to Allah Almighty built by Hazrat Suleman\" while Muslim and Christian claims get \"they believe\" (PAGE 52). A3 3 and A4 4 rest on asymmetry: Ghori invaded because \"Being a Muslim, he might like to conquer the Hindus of India and spread Islam in that country\" (p.61), while Mahmud of Ghazni's seventeen invasions get purely political motives and Somnath is omitted; the Crusaders' motive is \"mixed with other worldly motives such as greed, loot, and plunder\" (p.54) against a voluntarist account of Muslim expansion (p.32). A7 5: twelve female against 480 male tokens, Noor Jahan the only woman profiled."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-history-7-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 96,
      "sizeMB": 76.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 26.0.0.101",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/history-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "155061ff33d8f1dbfad31bf599acc2f472734fc525c600132f4ea7031ef633df",
      "title": "7th Class History (UM) SNC PCTB Text Book 2025 PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/7th-class-history-um-snc-pctb-text-book-2025-pdf",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-islamiyat-7-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 137,
      "sizeMB": 29.6,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/islamiyat-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "f3072b62eebad4ab626297541994b12b767826a719b3637c1b5828e513e23a42",
      "title": "Islamiat SNC 2023-24 Class 7 (Urdu-only)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1g5mgMgPAcCUB-70JoGNbKk-Vu4cYjteC",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 4,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Beliefs/worship/seerah/ethics + modern-issues unit (islamiyat-7-ur · PAGE 4–5)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Ghazwa Khandaq, Banu Qurayza; no jihad lesson"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 5,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Ghazwa Banu Qurayza in the seerah unit (index, p.5). Theme-grade."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Ummahat (Hafsa, Umm Salamah, Zaynab); Sayyida Zaynab bint Ali her own lesson"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Urdu medium, structure and topics only. The same seven-bab frame as the rest of the Punjab sequence: beliefs cover angels and the revealed books; worship covers fasting, funeral and other prayers and the virtue of du'a; the seerah unit runs the consolidation of Madinah, Ghazwa Khandaq, Ghazwa Banu Qurayza and Sulh-e-Hudaybiyah; the ethics unit targets ostentation and display; social conduct covers the rights of neighbours, guests and travellers. The Quran unit continues the class-6 prophet-narrative series with Ibrahim, Musa and Dawud (PAGE 6); hifz is At-Teen, Al-Alaq, Al-Qadr and Al-Bayyinah (PAGE 7). The modern unit covers the importance of education in Islam and Islam and public health. A1b 3 - in-tradition and non-polemical. A5 2 because the ghazwat sit inside seerah with no jihad lesson at this grade. A6 3 is theme-grade, from the Banu Qurayza index entry (p.5). A7 4 is comparatively broad for the corpus: the standing Ummahat al-Mu'mineen sub-unit runs Hafsa, Umm Salamah and Zaynab, and Sayyida Zaynab bint Ali gets a lesson of her own. Nothing about wording, tone or framing is established from this file."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-mutalea-quran-7-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Mutalea Quran",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 181,
      "sizeMB": 62.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "PDFelement 6 Professional",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/mutalea-quran-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "ab7419d6947910492349348c74d4b830e9b6ccde0dea1582923a6d0b4c616ac3",
      "title": "Class 7th Tarjama ul Quran PCTB Textbook 2023 PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/class-7th-tarjama-ul-quran-pctb-textbook-2022-pdf-5ta",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-urdu-7-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 149,
      "sizeMB": 28.2,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-7/urdu-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "e9a12982f08acc02e73dde79a75c18fd8f4c36d4b37fd9eaa365a1f3749a6d03",
      "title": "Urdu SNC 2023-24 Class 7",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1uqgeKN-J11LdgkNeCiJunDcXMTRirt8a",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A5": 3,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 12,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Naat in the opening selections (urdu-7-ur · PAGE 12–13)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 90,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Nishan-e-Haider named as the highest honour, urdu-7-ur · PAGE 90; single passage, no biography recoverable"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Lesson تحریکِ پاکستان میں خواتین; no woman author"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Urdu medium, lesson list low-to-medium confidence, reconstructed from a partial fehrist at PAGE 4 and the learning-outcome boxes. The cover reproduces an Iqbal quatrain (PAGE 1). The recoverable slate is recognisably SNC-shaped: hamd and naat in the opening selections (PAGE 12-13), a seerah or manners lesson, a lesson on women in the Pakistan Movement, an Iqbal nazm, essays on terrorism and our responsibilities, time management, media, weather and sport. A1 3 rests on the naat placement. A5 falls to 3 rather than the class-6 volume's 5 because the Nishan-e-Haider appears once, named as the highest honour (PAGE 90), with no recoverable martyr biography - a real drop between consecutive grades, though on Urdu OCR it should be read as plus or minus one. A7 4: the women-focused lesson is present as a topic, no woman is credited as author, and the absence of a female author should be reported as not established rather than confirmed. Several lesson titles in this file are simply unreadable, so it is not a complete inventory."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-english-8-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 129,
      "sizeMB": 28.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-8/english-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "ead45e267925cb202ac7dda09a0960842a72a13c4bbe554a58642f324539f986",
      "title": "English SNC 2023-24 Class 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1VjslGe1d421x--q0gxAn2l4tYx3zAKF3",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 9,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 1 Tolerance of the Rasoolullah ﷺ opens the book (english-8-en · PAGE 9); Unit 5 Hazrat Umar (· PAGE 54–58); and a devotional dialogue set as a grammar exercise — \"Mama! Why do we offer namaz?\" / \"Because we have to thank Allah Almighty for his blessings… It's an obligation\" (· PAGE 57)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 3,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"Participatory Citizenship\" is realised as traffic-law obedience PAGE 3, 40–42 plus the poem Give to your country: \"All the laws that are made / Are laws to keep us happy and well\" and \"Under the name of citizenship / Give your country her due\" PAGE 115. The comprehension question presupposes benign law: \"How do the laws of our country keep us happy and well?\" PAGE 117"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 11 Give to Your Country (theme \"Patriotism / National Pride\") is civic-productive — \"We should work for our country as a nation\" (english-8-en · line 1780). No martyr, no Nishan-e-Haider. The only soldier is a grammar-drill subject (· line 4329)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 113,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"the green colour represents the Muslim majority, the white colour represents minorities\" (p.113); the Seerah unit notes \"life and property of the non-Muslims were also given protection\" (p.56)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "No gender unit at all — the only Punjab reader without one"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Twelve units with SNC theme labels printed against them (PAGE 3). A1 stays at 4: Unit 1 is Tolerance of the Rasoolullah, Unit 5 is Hazrat Umar, and a devotional dialogue is a grammar exercise: \"Mama! Why do we offer namaz?\" / \"Because we have to thank Allah Almighty for his blessings... It's an obligation\" (PAGE 57). The distinctive thing is what the book does not do. A5 drops to 2, the only break in Punjab's class-6-to-9 martyrdom sequence: Unit 11, Give to Your Country, is civic-productive, there is no martyr and no Nishan-e-Haider, and the only soldier is a grammar-drill subject. A2 4: \"Participatory Citizenship\" is realised as traffic-law obedience plus a poem whose comprehension question, \"How do the laws of our country keep us happy and well?\" (PAGE 117), makes benign law a premise. A6 2, helped by \"the green colour represents the Muslim majority, the white colour represents minorities\" (p.113). A7 rises to 4 because this is the only Punjab reader with no gender unit at all, and its ratio (0.34) is among the lowest in the corpus."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-general-science-8-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 169,
      "sizeMB": 37.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-8/general-science-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "bb32e8effa75852c34f25b8fe29a03afdc1496fd01c977d04554ab5256849798",
      "title": "8th Class General Science (UM) Textbook in PDF by Punjab Board",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/8th-class-general-science-um-textbook-in-pdf-by-punjab-board-bqr",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "All 8 female tokens are OCR garbage or he/she; true ≈0.05 (§1.3b)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Twelve chapters that overlap substantially with the other boards' class-8 books but reorder the front of the volume to lead with Ecology, add a Periodic Table chapter, and again carry the Punjab-only Technology in Everyday Life. Biotechnology is a full chapter and well populated (37 mentions), and climate content is solid. A1 is 1 - a bismillah and nothing else. A7 is 5 on absence, and here the number itself is a trap worth flagging: the raw ratio of 0.211 is fabricated by OCR noise, since all eight apparent female tokens are garbage strings or he/she generics, and the true value is nearer 0.05. No other axis was assessed for this volume."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-geography-8-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Geography",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 89,
      "sizeMB": 22.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-8/geography-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "0100bce4a450ad47e58a0728c492ef82ceb7c82b816975ccc22f8c263e415e32",
      "title": "8th Class Geography (UM) Textbook in PDF by Punjab Board",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/8th-class-geography-um-textbook-in-pdf-by-punjab-board-qkh",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A2": 5,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Opening chapter begins \"Water covers 71% of the Earth surface…\" — the clean secular control for Sindh SS8 §4."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 41,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Civic responsibility appears only as environmental duty and is assigned to governments: \"It is the responsibility of the Government of a country to take serious steps\" PAGE 41. Citizens appear as objects of protection"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 49,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "India enters almost solely as the map label \"INDIAN ILLEGALLY OCCUPIED JAMMU & KASHMIR\" (pp.49, 67, 70 — OCR of the stamped label). Otherwise technocratic; China \"always been a good trade partner\" (p.54)."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Six chapters - Oceans and Seas, Living with Climate, Environmental Pollution, Industrialization and Trade, Transport, and Social and Economic Development - and the most climate-forward book in the whole corpus, with 47 mentions of climate change and 38 of global warming, the 2015 Karachi heatwave, the Thar drought, the 2022 floods, the January 2022 Murree snowstorm and Paris 2015 named at p.41. One discordant passage, \"Diverging Views of Global Warming\" (p.24), tells pupils warming is not a major issue to most people. It is economy-heavy - textiles at about 60 per cent of exports (p.50), HDI ranking, CPEC and Gwadar framed glowingly (p.74) - and, like Geography 6, has no population or demography chapter. Its opening line, \"Water covers 71% of the Earth surface\", makes it the clean secular control against Sindh's theologically framed class-8 opener, hence A1 1; A2 5, since civic responsibility appears only as environmental duty assigned to governments (PAGE 41). The A6 of 3 rests almost entirely on the stamped map label \"INDIAN ILLEGALLY OCCUPIED JAMMU & KASHMIR\" (pp.49, 67, 70) - the volume's one overtly ideological feature. A7 5: zero female-marked tokens in 19,275 words."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-history-8-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "History",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 96,
      "sizeMB": 18.1,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 24.1.0.360",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-8/history-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "81be261df19b48cf7bf5254077e0ca1c5fb7b694cb9c8bc4733e49b2e5c5a46d",
      "title": "8th Class History (UM) Textbook in PDF by Punjab Board",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/8th-class-history-um-textbook-in-pdf-by-punjab-board-sxc",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 3,
        "A3": 3,
        "A4": 5,
        "A5": 5,
        "A6": 3,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 67,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Providential causation three times in the book's own voice: \"with the grace of Allah Almighty, made the impossible possible\" (p.67), \"with the blessings of Allah Almighty, Pakistan succeeded\" (p.74), \"By the grace of Allah Almighty… Pakistan had been created\" (p.81); Sir Syed \"proved that both are divine books\" (Ch.2); 1965 army \"filled with the spirit of Jihad\" (p.87)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "The corpus's largest middle-school constitutional load, but purely historical: Objectives Resolution list (\"Fundamental rights shall be guaranteed to its citizens.\" / \"The Judiciary shall be independent.\" folio 80) and \"The 1973 Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to the citizens of Pakistan.\" folio 84 followed by a bare list. No article numbers, no remedy, no court"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Zero occurrences of \"primary source\"/\"secondary source\". Inquiry verbs are stipulated-conclusion prompts: \"Generate a class discussion/debate to conclude the reason behind the Two-Nation Theory\" (history-8-en · f.27); \"Analyze the reasons behind the two-nation theory of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan\" (f.16 SLO). 1971 is six sentences, wholly externalised: \"In 1971 CE, India intervened in the internal affairs of Pakistan by supporting the Bengali separatists of the East Pakistan… The Pakistani army fought bravely\" (f.89) — no surrender, no causes, no Pakistani actor. 1965: \"the Armed Forces of Pakistan, filled with the spirit of Jihad defeated the Indian Army\" (f.87). Ch.5 leaps 1971 → Afghan War → six named army operations to Radd-ul-Fassad 2017; no Bhutto, Zia, Musharraf or post-1971 civilian politics. Summary point: \"Ayub Khan introduced many reforms in Pakistan\" (f.92)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "\"the Armed Forces of Pakistan, filled with the spirit of Jihad defeated the Indian Army\" (history-8-en · line 2789). Ayub quoted: \"Advance manfully and attack the enemy fiercely. May Allah Almighty support and protect you\" (· line 2816). A dedicated section, The Contribution of the Pakistan Army in the War on Terrorism, lists six named operations — Wana, Sherdil, Rah-e-Rast, Rah-e-Nijat, Zarb-e-Azb, Radd-ul-Fassad (· lines 2893–2910), examined by MCQ (· line 2953). A chapter SLO requires pupils to \"Identify the contributions of the Pakistan Army in the War on Terrorism\" (· line 2388); two full-width \"Pakistan Army\" photo captions (· lines 2891, 2916)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 20,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Bloc noun with collective disposition, carried past 1947. \"In the beginning, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan made efforts for Hindu-Muslim unity which could not be successful due to the negative attitude of Hindus.\" (p.20). \"Hindus' mentality was exposed as they were not ready to accommodate Muslims.\" (p.52). \"The Quit India meant the withdrawal of the British Government from India and handing over powers to Hindus. Hindus, in their majority provinces, created the problem of law and order by setting Government-buildings on fire and disconnecting electric wires\" and \"Hindus would never provide justice to Muslims.\" (p.65). Causes of the 1965 war open with: \"Pakistan was established against the wishes of Hindus. They had never accepted Pakistan as an independent country. Progress and stability of Pakistan was a major concern for Hindus. So, they started launching aggressive actions against Pakistan.\" (p.87). Pirpur Report allegations reported as fact (p.58); Congress ministries \"planned to eliminate the identity of the Muslims\" (p.58)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 68,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "A dedicated two-page section, \"Role of Minorities in the Establishment of Pakistan\" (pp.68–69), with photographs. \"The minorities, Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Parsi etc. also contributed their role in the establishment of Pakistan\"; names Diwan Bahadur Satya Parkash Singha, Ch. Chandu Lal, CE Gibbon, FE Chaudary, SS Albert, \"Jugader Nath Mandil\" [Jogendra Nath Mandal, book's spelling], Jamshed Nusserwanji Mehta, Joshva Fazal Din, Baba Gewin Singh. \"all Christian members of the Assembly voted for the division of Punjab\" (p.69). The reviewer panel includes Prof. Anjum James Paul, a Christian educator (title page)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e07",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 17,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Historical adversary, double-edged. \"After this War, the British were revengeful against the natives\" and \"they considered Muslims as the permanent threat to their Government\" (p.17) — yet Sir Syed's loyalty to the British is presented approvingly (p.21). No economic critique of colonialism and no modernisation counter-narrative."
        },
        {
          "id": "e08",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 62,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Dedicated section Role of Women and Students in Pakistan Movement (native text, printed pp.62–63), 7 named women — see §5.1"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Native digital text, the highest-fidelity book in the Punjab set, cited by printed folio. Five chapters carry the entire colonial and Pakistan Movement narrative for the whole 6-8 sequence, plus the corpus's only full World Wars chapter. Partition violence is essentially absent: migration appears, massacres do not. A4 is 5. 1971 gets six sentences with India as sole agent (f.89), no surrender and no Pakistani decision-maker, and chapter 5 leaps to the Afghan War and six army operations ending at Radd-ul-Fassad 2017. A5 5 and A1 4 share one seam: the 1965 army \"filled with the spirit of Jihad\" (p.87), and creation attributed to divine favour three times in the book's own voice (pp.67, 74, 81). But it is double-natured. Pages 68-69 carry a photographed section, \"Role of Minorities in the Establishment of Pakistan\", naming Satya Parkash Singha, C.E. Gibbon and Jogendra Nath Mandal(A6 1), while p.65 says \"Hindus would never provide justice to Muslims\" (A6 4). Seven women of the Movement appear at pp.62-63, held at A7 3 because six are introduced by a male relative. The extraction strips Arabic script, so the honorific count is an artefact."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-islamiyat-8-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 101,
      "sizeMB": 21.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-8/islamiyat-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "d2b5709c07ef30ae90e0280b0c5f5445d64d268ce330242a20daadeafa7dc25e",
      "title": "Islamiat SNC 2023-24 Class 8 (Urdu-only)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1wSqIrXtfu0qjaMKlRdMnQ3eOKG3kF-jC",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 4,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Devotional core + amr bil-ma'ruf and media-accountability unit (islamiyat-8-ur · PAGE 4, 91–93)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "No minority or non-Muslim lesson identifiable; unit 7 is da'wat and media accountability. Theme-grade; not established either way."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Ummahat sub-unit retained; 2022-curriculum volume"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Urdu medium, structure only, and the shortest Islamiyat volume in the Punjab sequence at 101 pages. Same seven-bab frame: belief in the Hereafter and risalat; the virtue and benefits of zakat; an ethics unit including the avoidance of foul speech; and a social-conduct unit on the rulings and manners of buying and selling. Hifz is Al-A'la, Al-Ghashiyah, Al-Balad and Al-Layl, identified from the Arabic incipits at PAGE 6-7. The seventh unit is the interesting one - amr bil-ma'ruf framed as da'wat and tabligh, paired with the accountability of the media (PAGE 4, expanded at PAGE 91-93), whose stated outcome concerns awareness of the effects of correct versus incorrect media use and which explicitly frames the present as the age of science and technology. A1b 3. A6 is 2 but should be read carefully: no minority or non-Muslim lesson is identifiable, and on Nastaliq OCR that is not established either way rather than an absence. A5 2, with no jihad lesson at this grade. A7 4, from the retained Ummahat al-Mu'mineen sub-unit."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-mutalea-quran-8-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Mutalea Quran",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 186,
      "sizeMB": 23.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-8/mutalea-quran-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "fc46ac1d2f28b9843c11b75109578f1d6bd0e57e7f012883b6e3f875e4f3fb2c",
      "title": "8th Class Tarjama e Quran Punjab Textbook 2025 PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/8th-class-tarjama-e-quran-punjab-textbook-2022-pdf-9uk",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-urdu-8-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 129,
      "sizeMB": 23.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-8/urdu-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "6461454edf7d299e79bb7ca8cf4002c8aae34727c790723b2cfb1eb3e5e4d5f7",
      "title": "Urdu SNC 2023-24 Class 8",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1b_tMiA-YJ3ujhvrQQVJ43MGR3MlQykZh",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A5": 4,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 10,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Naat in the opening selections (urdu-8-ur · PAGE 10, 14)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 55,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Major Shabbir Sharif again, with both Sitara-e-Jurat and Nishan-e-Haider named (urdu-8-ur · PAGE 55–56)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Lesson title خواتین کا احترام اور مقام legible — an honorific, not an agency, frame"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Urdu medium, medium confidence - the fehrist at PAGE 4 is the best-surviving one in the Punjab Urdu set, though roughly ten lesson positions are identified only by page and their titles are unreadable, so this is not a full inventory. Two titles are legible and both matter: Pakistan ki tahzeeb-o-saqafat at PAGE 58 and khawateen ka ehtiram aur maqam at PAGE 95. That second one drives A7 4 - the women's lesson is framed as respect and status, an honorific rather than an agency frame, and no woman is credited as author anywhere in the volume. A1 3 rests on naat in the opening selections (PAGE 10, 14). A5 rises to 4 because Major Shabbir Sharif returns here with both the Sitara-e-Jurat and the Nishan-e-Haider named (PAGE 55-56) - the third Punjab Urdu reader in a row to carry martyrdom material. There is also a science and environment strand visible in the objectives pages. Nothing here supports quotation, and the martial score should be treated as plus or minus one."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-biology-9-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 180,
      "sizeMB": 29.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "iLovePDF",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-9/biology-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "f6e3181561856359e77749f8f684f87c04c9c0a05bd2f0f60f60b4338c4284c5",
      "title": "9th Class Biology Tech (UM) Punjab Textbook 2025 PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-biology-tech-um-punjab-textbook-2025-pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 3,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "§1.4 Quranic Instructions to Reveal the Study of Life (TOC · PAGE 3), an assessed SLO — \"State that the Holy Quran instructs to reveal the study of Life\" (· PAGE 5); Al-Anbiya 30 · PAGE 12, Al-Nur 45 · PAGE 13, glossed as \"the common origin and modification of animals\"."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Eleven chapters written to the revised National Curriculum 2023, structurally the broadest of the three boards' Biology 9 books: it adds Biomolecules, Reproduction in Plants and a full Biostatistics chapter (\"biostatistic\" occurs 28 times here against two in KP and one in Sindh). It also carries the corpus's cleanest edition-era tell - COVID-19 is defined substantively at p.36 and returns as the worked public-health example in the Biostatistics chapter at p.168, where no Sindh or KP science book mentions it at all. A1 is 3 for section 1.4, \"Quranic Instructions to Reveal the Study of Life\" (TOC PAGE 3), an assessed learning outcome - \"State that the Holy Quran instructs to reveal the study of Life\" (PAGE 5) - quoting Al-Anbiya 30 and Al-Nur 45 and glossing them as \"the common origin and modification of animals\". That gloss is the only place in the corpus where a board uses scripture to support an evolutionary framing. Equally notable is what Punjab dropped: it keeps the Quranic section but has no Muslim-scientist history-of-science section, which both Sindh and KP retain. A7 5 on absence - one female-marked token in 39,776 words."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-chemistry-9-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Chemistry",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 192,
      "sizeMB": 54,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "3-Heights(TM) PDF Optimization Shell 5.9.1.5 (http",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-9/chemistry-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "05e0fcca2e1762cc8d9122546d4ff4a612f18f8f061db1a5c04f17d99315b518",
      "title": "Chemistry EM 2025-26 Class 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1OY1Unpm8VkLCGQfbLFrE8wLn3fzXmZpc",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 1,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Bismillah · PAGE 1; one \"Allah\" token in 192 pp."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Thirteen chapters and the sharpest curricular divergence in the corpus: Punjab adds Stoichiometry, Energetics, Equilibria, Hydrocarbons and Environmental Chemistry, plus two explicitly methodological chapters (Empirical Data Collection and Analysis; Laboratory and Practical Skills), and drops Electrochemistry, which is a full chapter in both Sindh and KP. At roughly thirteen pages a chapter it is broad and thin where KP is narrow and thick. Chapter 10, Environmental Chemistry (pp.129-144), is the densest climate treatment anywhere in the corpus. A1 is 1 - a bismillah at PAGE 1 and a single \"Allah\" token in 192 pages. A7 is 5 on absence, and cleanly so: zero female-marked tokens in 49,217 words. No other axis was assessed; the social lenses did not treat this volume."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-english-9-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 168,
      "sizeMB": 18.7,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 24.4.0.636",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-9/english-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "737ab5481acbdf11240b23e535aa301b15b8eb4ee71f414d8ef6958bdcf41bdf",
      "title": "English 2025-26 Class 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1mWBO-wzXqv0Oq9oazcjM-Y16EqmPqBtj",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 5,
        "A5": 4,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 2
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Unit 1 The Saviour of Mankind (Seerah) opens the book — \"Imbued with divine guidance and resolve, the Rasoolullah…\" (english-9-en · PAGE 8); Unit 4 Hazrat Asma — the hijrah narrative (· PAGE 54)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "One phrase — \"Quality education is a fundamental human right\" folio 109 — inside an SDG-4 essay. The only \"citizen\" in the book is a style tip recommending \"senior citizen\" over \"old person\""
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Unit 2 Patriotism opens civic — \"Patriotism means love for the motherland… A patriot loves his country and is willing to sacrifice when the need arises\" (english-9-en · line 306) — then delivers the entire Nishan-e-Haider roll of honour by name: eleven officers who \"all embraced martyrdom while fighting bravely for their motherland\" (· line 370). Comprehension, cause-and-effect, fact-vs-opinion and generalisation exercises are all built on the martyrs (· lines 495–535). Teacher note instructs: \"link 'Nishan-e-Haider' to 'highest military award' and further connect it to the idea of 'patriotism' and 'sacrifice'\" (· line 358)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "1 \"Hindu\" mention; no out-group content. Kipling framed with critical apparatus (\"themes of British imperialism… colonial rule\", p.~4924 of the extract)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Units 4–5 adjacent: Hazrat Asma + Women Empowerment through Stories of Entrepreneurship; most balanced reader in the corpus"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Eleven units aligned to the revised NCP-2023, and the most internally contradictory book in the Punjab reader sequence. A1 stays at 4 - Unit 1 The Saviour of Mankind opens the book and Unit 4 is Hazrat Asma - yet A7 falls to 2, the most balanced volume in the corpus at a ratio of 0.79, the direct effect of placing Hazrat Asma and Women Empowerment through Stories of Entrepreneurship adjacent at units 4 and 5. A5 4 comes from Unit 2, Patriotism, which opens civically and then delivers the entire Nishan-e-Haider roll of honour by name, eleven officers who \"all embraced martyrdom while fighting bravely for their motherland\"; the comprehension, cause-and-effect, fact-versus-opinion and generalisation exercises are all built on the martyrs, and a teacher note instructs linking the award to \"patriotism\" and \"sacrifice\". A2 is 5 on one phrase, \"Quality education is a fundamental human right\" (folio 109); the only other \"citizen\" is a style tip. A6 2, with Kipling framed by critical apparatus. Careful: the native-text file is missing units 1, 4 and 5 entirely, so word-level analysis must use the OCR file too."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-islamiyat-9-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 170,
      "sizeMB": 23.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "iLovePDF",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-9/islamiyat-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "8e1977a8fcc90dcc2babf87d76c1a1b1bc015252aee9e1bc37718cfdffce806b",
      "title": "Islamiyat 2025-26 Class 9 (Urdu-only)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1kiaCqhXsXuuZ7HAAuXYfjl4_WaBf-ARS",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3,
        "A5": 3,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 5,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Most technical volume in the corpus — tadween of the Quran and codification of hadith · PAGE 5–8; jihad lesson requires students to distinguish it from fasad fil-ard glossed as terrorism, via Paigham-e-Pakistan · PAGE 113. Counter-extremist, not boundary-policing."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 113,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Theme-grade. Jihad lesson pp.113–116. SLOs require distinguishing jihad fi sabilillah from fasad fil-ard (glossed دہشت گردی) \"in the light of Paigham-e-Pakistan\" (islamiyat-9-ur · PAGE 113); purpose stated as eliminating fasad, terrorism and lawlessness (· PAGE 113). But the lesson's own end-of-unit activity directs pupils to record in their diaries the names and achievements of the shuhada awarded Nishan-e-Haider (· PAGE 115). See §6"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 113,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "The jihad lesson's outcomes require distinguishing jihad fi sabilillah from fasad fil-ard, glossed as terrorism, in the light of Paigham-e-Pakistan (p.113). Counter-extremist in register. Theme-grade."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Dedicated Sahabiyat section + a seerah lesson on the Prophet's treatment of women — the only Islamiyat volume in the corpus that does not drop women at class 9"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Urdu medium, structure only, and the most technical religious volume in the corpus. It opens not with recitation but with the tadween and preservation of the Quran and the codification of hadith (PAGE 5-8), covering the Abu Bakr-era collection, Zayd bin Thabit and the Uthmanic recension, and distinguishing hadith qawli, fi'li, taqriri and qudsi. A1b 3. The jihad lesson sits in the social-conduct unit rather than worship (pp.113-116), and its stated outcomes require pupils to distinguish jihad fi sabilillah from fasad fil-ard, glossed as terrorism, in the light of Paigham-e-Pakistan, the 2018 state counter-extremism declaration, and to examine the claim that armed jihad is permissible only by state authorisation - counter-extremist in register, hence A6 2. But the same lesson's end-of-unit activity directs pupils to record the names and achievements of the shuhada awarded the Nishan-e-Haider (PAGE 115), which is why A5 sits at 3 and why this page is the tightest instance of the doctrine-versus-delivery tension in the corpus. A7 4: a Sahabiyat section plus a seerah lesson on the Prophet's treatment of women make it the only Islamiyat volume that does not drop women at class 9."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-mutalea-quran-9-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Mutalea Quran",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 222,
      "sizeMB": 91,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Foxit PhantomPDF Printer Version 9.7.0.2220",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-9/mutalea-quran-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "77c4b3ea7690d3b06c1df984af413207d237d70bc34563397a4246ebcd659f72",
      "title": "9th Class Tarjama Tul Quran Punjab Textbook 2025",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-tarjama-tul-quran-punjab-textbook-2022-gfv",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 112,
      "sizeMB": 32.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 24.3.1.576",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-9/pakistan-studies-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "c6c93a5bb9e29da2cee3548ac5453d0c4f2bd8697c282fb627eff7c1d76709ce",
      "title": "9th Class Pakistan Studies (UM) PDF Textbook by Punjab Board",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/9th-class-pakistan-studies-um-pdf-textbook-by-punjab-board-blw",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 3,
        "A3": 5,
        "A4": 5,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 2
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 9,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ch.1 Ideological Basis of Pakistan opens the book; Tauheed, prayer, hajj and \"Almighty Allah is the source of law\" expounded · PAGE 9–10; the Farewell Sermon quoted in Arabic with translation, then Surah Al-Hujurat, as the proof-text for equality · PAGE 12; women's rights derived from Quran and Hadith · PAGE 97–98; \"Pakistan is a fortunate country, in the sense, that Almighty Allah has blessed it\" · PAGE 61."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 10,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Rule of law is theologised: \"The rule of law is an important virtue of the Islamic system. It is based on the idea that Almighty Allah is the source of law.\" PAGE 10. Rights arrive via the Objectives Resolution only. Ch.4 Women's Empowerment supplies real rights content (violence typology, Punjab Protection of Women Against Violence Act 2016) and the corpus's only Punjab UDHR reference, a sidebar PAGE 107. \"1973\" occurs three times and is never described"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 7,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero source-criticism vocabulary; 3 inquiry-verb hits in 35k words, none pedagogical. Two-Nation Theory dated to conquest: \"The concept of two-nation theory had begun with the arrival of Muslims in the subcontinent\" (pakistan-studies-9-en · PAGE 7). 1971: army exculpated — \"Pakistan's Armed Forces had to intervene to crush the revolt\" (PAGE 55); defeat externalised — \"When they ran out of supplies and no more aid could reach from West Pakistan, India succeeded in its nefarious designs\" (PAGE 56); the surrender is never named (0 hits in a 1971 context). Conspiratorial causes: \"In East Pakistan trade and government jobs were dominated by Hindus in large number and they were stirring up separation sentiments under hidden motives\" (PAGE 56); \"Education sector in East Pakistan was totally under the control of the Hindus. They poisoned the Bengalis against Pakistan\" (PAGE 56). Internal faults appear only in the passive and unattributed (\"the transfer of powers to the new government was delayed\", PAGE 55; \"no government took adequate measures to remove economic disparities\", PAGE 56)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 18,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Trans-historical enmity, taught as examinable content. \"In 1867, while exposing the enmity of Hindus against Muslims, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan had clearly declared:\" — with the keyed option \"(c) Hindus are not our friends.\" (p.18). \"Quaid-e-Azam with his towering personality, overcame many problems created after independence. The Hindus tried to create all kinds of difficulties for Pakistan… and the ill-treatment of the Muslims by the Hindus\" (p.37). \"After the establishment of Pakistan, Hindu-Muslim riots had become common due to the hatred of Hindus towards the Muslims in India.\" (p.39). 1971 causes: \"(ii) Impact of Hindus on Trade and Services… they were stirring up separation sentiments under hidden motives\"; \"(iv) Role of Hindu Teachers — Education sector in East Pakistan was totally under the control of the Hindus. They poisoned the Bengalis against Pakistan\" (p.56). Arya Samaj \"aimed at forcibly converting non-Hindus into Hindus\" (p.4)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 56,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"India succeeded in its nefarious designs\" (p.56); \"defense against India's conspiracies\" and \"the Indian leadership was constantly plotting against Pakistan\" (p.39); \"In this way, India continued working against Pakistan's stability.\" (p.37). \"enemy/enemies\" ×13, all directed at India (pp.49–51)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 51,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Agency externalised rather than the group disparaged: \"Bengalis chanted slogan of independent state with the help of pro-Indian [elements]\" (p.51); \"They poisoned the Bengalis\" (p.56). Dupes, not villains."
        },
        {
          "id": "e07",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Guarantees stated but no section: \"Here non-Muslims will get equal status with Muslims\" (p.8); \"All the minorities living in Pakistan shall be fully free to lead their lives according [to their religion]\" (p.40); Jogendra Nath Mandal named once (p.30)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e08",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Neutral-to-positive; one boundary line, \"Judge not your nation on the criteria of western nations.\" (p.8)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e09",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 97,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Chapter 4 Women's Empowerment, pp.97–108 — the corpus's only book at parity. See §5.2"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Four chapters (Ideological Basis, a mega-chapter running 1857 to 1971 in one sweep, Land and Environment, Women's Empowerment), translated from an Urdu original, with the Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust on the review panel (p.2). It scores at the extreme on three axes. A3 5 and A4 5: zero source-criticism vocabulary, the Two-Nation Theory eternalised to \"the arrival of Muslims in the subcontinent\" (PAGE 7), the army exculpated as having \"to intervene to crush the revolt\" (PAGE 55), the surrender never named. A6 5 is the corpus maximum, taught as examinable content: the keyed MCQ option is \"Hindus are not our friends\" (p.18), and among the 1971 causes is \"Role of Hindu Teachers - ... They poisoned the Bengalis against Pakistan\" (p.56). Yet the same book scores A7 2, the only volume at pronoun parity, on a Women's Empowerment chapter (pp.97-108) naming Benazir Bhutto, Fahmida Mirza and Nafis Sadiq, citing CEDAW and the Punjab Protection of Women Against Violence Act 2016, with a Myth/Fact box refusing to blame victims. Nine pages earlier the same chapter says Islam protects women \"in the form of veil and four walls\" (PAGE 99). Quote both or neither."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-physics-9-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Physics",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 200,
      "sizeMB": 36.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "iLovePDF",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-9/physics-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "9e88506668dda855790bb4ed192eabe4b1817fd7575b882c8c57fef06c03e68c",
      "title": "Matric 9th Class Physics Tech (UM) Punjab Textbook PDF",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/matric-9th-class-physics-tech-um-punjab-textbook-pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 1,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE ALL-MERCIFUL…\" · PAGE 1 only; ch.1 opens on measurement."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
      "edition": "2022-23",
      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Nine chapters, of which two are Punjab-only: Magnetism, which neither Sindh nor KP teaches at grade 9, and chapter 9, \"Nature of Science\", whose learning outcomes require pupils to distinguish classical, quantum and relativistic mechanics and to \"Explain, with examples in Physics, falsifiability as the idea that a theory is scientific only if it makes assertions that can be disproven\" (p.181). Explicit Popperian falsifiability instruction appears nowhere else in the corpus, and the same chapter is where nanotechnology and artificial intelligence enter (pp.192-193). Punjab uniquely drops Gravitation. A1 is 1: the translated bismillah on PAGE 1 and nothing else, chapter 1 opening on measurement - a clean contrast with KP Physics 9, which opens with a page of Quranic verses and an \"Islamic World Contribution to Physics\" panel. The only named Pakistani scientist here is Abdus Salam (p.56), in a secular frame. A7 5 on absence: twelve female-marked tokens, mostly he/she generics."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-urdu-9-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 152,
      "sizeMB": 37.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "ilovepdf.com",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-9/urdu-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "cfd9e87fe9b0862741aecfe21f237e97904227cf33d60d26ca778152caac4d37",
      "title": "Urdu Class 9",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1anDiX4MZVNmMOzwrwLS7AV0qm5gxO5RF",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A5": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 5,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Same book as KP Urdu 9. Opens with a Seerah prose lesson (urdu-9-ur · PAGE 5–8); the poetry section opens with a hamd, then a naat."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 100,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Theme-grade. The extra lesson Punjab carries that KP's identical class-9 anthology does not ([track urdu](/studies/track-urdu/) §5.1): the APS Peshawar school attack, terrorism, children martyred, closing on collective civic mobilisation against terrorism (urdu-9-ur · pp.100–106). Civilian martyrdom, not military"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "2006-vintage; all 20 selections male-authored, no women-focused lesson (book fully reconstructed, [track urdu](/studies/track-urdu/) §2.4)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "2016 printing",
      "editionNote": "Federal approval ref. dated 21-10-2009; front matter cites NC 2006",
      "note": "Urdu medium, but the best-reconstructed book in the corpus: every lesson is preceded by an author-biography page carrying name and dates, and those pages OCR'd cleanly, so the full inventory is known - twelve prose selections (Shibli Nomani, Hali, Sir Syed, Muhammad Hussain Azad, Deputy Nazir Ahmad's Taubat-un-Nasuh, Premchand, Imtiaz Ali Taj, Mirza Adeeb, Farhatullah Beg, Shafiq-ur-Rahman, Colonel Muhammad Khan) and eight poems (Hali's hamd, Amir Minai's naat, Nazir Akbarabadi, Iqbal, Mir, Aatish, Ghalib, Bahadur Shah Zafar). It is effectively the same anthology as KP's class-9 Urdu book, which is an artefact of shared 2006 curriculum vintage, not of province. The one lesson Punjab carries that KP does not is an unattributed patriotic prose piece on the APS Peshawar attack (pp.100-106) - civilian, not military, martyrdom, hence A5 3. A1 4 for the opening seerah prose lesson and the hamd-then-naat poetry opening. A7 5: all twenty selections are male-authored. Important caveat: the corpus record files this as SNC 2022 / 2022-23, but the book's own front matter cites the 2006 National Curriculum, a 2009 federal approval and a 2016 printing. Flag that mismatch before making any vintage claim about it."
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-biology-10-en",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 128,
      "sizeMB": 63,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 26.2.0.170",
      "file": "pctb-punjab/class-10/biology-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "069ec6dfcabc6d9abc5d37cb32f22dcce9a5b2a8139a39ad41199b51ffd37ec9",
      "title": "Biology 10 EM (PECTAA 2026)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?export=download&confirm=t&id=1Qdvuek3OY2pXSPFTkRU7ECCFsnVfODoD",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 1,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero religious tokens across 31,566 words."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "2 evaluation prompts, 0 open, across 31,566 words."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.5/1k — martial vocabulary appearing in a biology book, which is where A5 becomes diagnostic."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "PECTAA 2026",
      "edition": "2026",
      "editionNote": "Publisher edition string 'PECTAA 2026'",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pctb-biology-10-ur",
      "board": "PCTB",
      "boardName": "Punjab",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 132,
      "sizeMB": 73.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 26.2.0.170",
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          "text": "22 open-opinion prompts — the highest count anywhere in the corpus, including \"do you think that climate change is our moral responsibility\" (PAGE 46) and \"Do you think students…\" (PAGE 42)."
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          "text": "Ratio 0.32 — the strongest female presence in Punjab's class-10 set."
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    },
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      "title": "Pakistan Studies EM 2023-24 Class 10",
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          "tier": "native",
          "text": "1 evaluation verb and 0 open prompts across 40,835 words."
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      "curriculum": "SNC 2022",
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      "editionNote": "Single National Curriculum 2022, Experimental Edition",
      "note": "Native digital text, marked \"Experimental Edition\", chapters numbered 5 to 8 continuing the class-9 book: History of Pakistan 1971 to date, World Affairs, Economic Development, and Population, Society and Culture. Content reaches the 2018 elections, the most current Pakistan Studies volume examined. Its notable feature is A6 1, the corpus maximum for inclusion: the section \"Contribution and Achievements of Minorities in Nation Building\" (pp.106-108) quotes the 11 August 1947 speech including the usually cut passage about Hindus ceasing to be Hindus, then runs an honour roll from A.R. Cornelius and Rana Bhagwan Das to Cecil Chaudhry, Ruth Pfau and Danish Kaneria, plus a section on interfaith harmony (p.99). It has a Christian co-author, Prof. Anjum James Paul, and a Sikh reviewer, and is also reviewed by the Nazaria-e-Pakistan Trust. A3 5 and A4 4: it narrates coups factually, \"General Pervez Musharraf overthrew the PML-N government\", but euphemises and never criticises, and Zia's rule is a catalogue of reforms. A2 3 is Punjab's densest institutional content, delivered as a regime-by-regime achievement chronicle. A7 3: the widest professional list in the corpus, on the premise that \"Nature assigned separate roles\"."
    },
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      "title": "10th Class Pakistan Studies (UM) Text Book by Punjab Board",
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      "boardFull": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore",
      "class": "10",
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      "evidence": [
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          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.20 on a base of 0.1/1k across 61,262 words."
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      ],
      "curriculum": "PECTAA 2026",
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      "editionNote": "Publisher edition string 'PECTAA 2026'",
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    {
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      "title": "Urdu 10 (PECTAA 2026)",
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      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "PECTAA 2026",
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      "editionNote": "Publisher edition string 'PECTAA 2026'",
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    },
    {
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      "curriculum": "Historical PTB edition",
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    },
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    },
    {
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      "sha256": "16b21806815f70828d385905dfd4c716c696a9ca7b74383cc3e491c9fd2f4e5d",
      "title": "معاشرتی علوم جماعت سوم ضلع نارووال / Social Studies Cl.III, Narowal district",
      "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/download/3-1997_202511/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%853%28%20%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9%20%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%291997.pdf",
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      "curriculum": "Historical PTB edition",
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      "editionNote": "Pre-2006 curriculum era; imprint year from the scan where recorded",
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    },
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      "textTier": "scanned",
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      "file": "ptb-historic/class-4/deeniyat-4-1977-ur.pdf",
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      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "Historical PTB edition",
      "edition": "see year",
      "editionNote": "Pre-2006 curriculum era; imprint year from the scan where recorded",
      "note": null
    },
    {
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      "boardName": "Punjab (historical)",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore — historical editions",
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      "subject": "Social Studies",
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      "curriculum": "Historical PTB edition",
      "edition": "see year",
      "editionNote": "Pre-2006 curriculum era; imprint year from the scan where recorded",
      "note": null
    },
    {
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      "boardName": "Punjab (historical)",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore — historical editions",
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      "file": "ptb-historic/class-5/islamiyat-5-ur.pdf",
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      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "5c9aa565fef8579d845a1241365f767cd3dbbf0bd6bd026c69bb9737f547ba2b",
      "title": "اسلامیات پانچویں جماعت / Islamiyat for Class V",
      "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/download/5th-islamiyat-2003-compressed/5th%20islamiyat%202003_compressed.pdf",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "Historical PTB edition",
      "edition": "see year",
      "editionNote": "Pre-2006 curriculum era; imprint year from the scan where recorded",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "ptb-h-social-studies-5-ur",
      "board": "PTB-H",
      "boardName": "Punjab (historical)",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore — historical editions",
      "class": "5",
      "classSort": 5,
      "subject": "Social Studies",
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      "file": "ptb-historic/class-5/social-studies-5-ur.pdf",
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      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "dec06359e7a5df67da6a95dd7cce7437a53c14a43cfcc3fd45e25229289f9e0d",
      "title": "معاشرتی علوم پانچویں جماعت / Muasharati Ulum for Class V",
      "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/download/5th-s.studies-1995-compressed/5th%20s.studies%201995_compressed.pdf",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "Historical PTB edition",
      "edition": "see year",
      "editionNote": "Pre-2006 curriculum era; imprint year from the scan where recorded",
      "note": null
    },
    {
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      "board": "PTB-H",
      "boardName": "Punjab (historical)",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore — historical editions",
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      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "General Science",
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      "pages": 151,
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      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "?",
      "file": "ptb-historic/class-6/general-science-6-ur.pdf",
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      "sha256": "e856758c8e52ab392628e8a016ed9f4c013500a4449baad13780eb735817795d",
      "title": "تاریخ پاکستان گیارہویں جماعت / Tarikh-e-Pakistan for Class XI",
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      "file": "ptb-historic/class-11/islamic-philosophy-ethics-11-12-1982-ur.pdf",
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      "boardName": "Punjab (historical)",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore — historical editions",
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      "file": "ptb-historic/class-11/islamiyat-11-ur.pdf",
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      "title": "اسلامیات برائے انٹرمیڈیٹ / Islamiyat for Class XI",
      "sourceUrl": "https://archive.org/download/11-1993-compressed_202507/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%2811%291993_compressed.pdf",
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      "note": null
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      "boardName": "Punjab (historical)",
      "boardFull": "Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore — historical editions",
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      "file": "ptb-historic/class-11/pakistan-studies-11-ur.pdf",
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      "sha256": "15dd7c22bad191a2ee74505f00571cb12929416f9e4518b47f46a88c433e9f94",
      "title": "مطالعہ پاکستان برائے انٹرمیڈیٹ / Mutala-i-Pakistan for Class XI",
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      "sha256": "3ced8e7f01e4c630f3fb44cc8e8eb03e6083a8d07aa30867737d0254b234acd6",
      "title": "مطالعہ پاکستان برائے انٹرمیڈیٹ / Mutala-i-Pakistan for Class XII",
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      "sha256": "9aa8c6e4eeab865adbf169c759aefc4aee425a36336b1c9564b3b1596d2cdfb9",
      "title": "My English VI (2020-21)",
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          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Zero religious selections. Religion appears only as everyday texture — \"I go for my Quran classes\", \"Insha'Allah, one day I will have my own shop\", \"Have faith in Allah. Respect your parents\" (native text, Units 5 and 8); Eid, Christmas and Diwali given in one grammar frame · PAGE 96."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
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          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Zero hits on the whole civic lexicon (constitution/citizen/democracy/election/rights/vote/parliament). Only civic-adjacent line is \"It's against the law!\" in a road-safety dialogue · english-6-en"
        },
        {
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          "score": 1,
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          "text": "No national-martial content of any kind. The most \"national\" unit is a Sindh diary entry from Badin; unit 5 is Brazil/Ghana/Thailand"
        },
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          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 81,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Unit 5, Knowing Children from Other Nations — first-person diaries from Brazil, Ghana and Thailand, e.g. \"I'm Kofi. It means Friday… The Ghanans celebrate the Bakatue Festival for a good fishing year ahead.\" (printed p.81)"
        },
        {
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          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "No gender unit; girls appear as classmates only"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
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      "note": "My English VI is a six-unit SPELT-developed reader whose units are competency themes rather than topics — cleanliness, physical well-being, patience, the value of labour, other nations, hobbies — each running the same six-part spine of reading, speaking, language practice, writing, study skills and a closing Fun section. It carries zero religious selections; religion survives only as everyday texture (\"I go for my Quran classes\", \"Insha'Allah, one day I will have my own shop\"), with Eid, Christmas and Diwali sharing a single grammar frame at PAGE 96, which is what holds A1 at 2. A2 is 5 because the whole civic lexicon returns nothing: no constitution, citizen, democracy, election or vote anywhere in the book. The A6 of 1 rests on Unit 5, Knowing Children from Other Nations — first-person diaries from Brazil, Ghana and Thailand whose Ghanaian narrator Kofi is also non-speaking (printed p.81), the most globally oriented unit in the corpus. A7 4 records the absence of any gender unit; girls appear only as classmates. The file is native digital without page markers, so cite by printed folio; its Flesch-Kincaid of 5.5 is the corpus's easiest entry point."
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          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "168 pp. of Nastaliq that could not be theme-graded (see [track sciences](/studies/track-sciences/) §7). Lowest Urdu-marker density in the corpus (0.49/1,000). Recorded as not established, not as absent."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Not established (Urdu); scored by analogy with the board's other science volumes"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Sindh's only class-6 science title is Urdu-medium; STBB publishes no English edition of this cell. The 168-page extraction could not be theme-graded at all — the chapter marker returns nine scattered hits that resolve into no structure — so it is excluded from every cross-board comparison. Its A1 of 1 and A7 of 5 are placeholders scored by analogy with the board's other science volumes. Treat both as not established."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-islamiyat-6-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 98,
      "sizeMB": 66,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-6/islamiyat-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "7c499a4f78308cff98b893ec117a3f337e3f18074169c2e272005c94735c38e2",
      "title": "Islamiyat VI (2023-24 EM)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=260&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "44.5/1k — as expected for the subject; scored on register, not volume. Sindh remains the only board teaching Islamiyat in English, so these are the corpus's only quotable religious-instruction books."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Sindh's class-6 Islamiyat runs the board's standard five-chapter shape: Quran recitation of paras 7–12 with hifz of Al-Inshirah, Al-Teen and Al-Qadr; Tawheed plus azaan, prayer, funeral prayer and hajj; a seerah sequence of Hudaibiyah, the letters to world rulers and Khyber; a morals chapter running cleanliness through huqooq al-ibad; and exactly four personality profiles — Khadijah, Ali, Data Ganj Bakhsh and Tariq bin Ziyad. It is the same 2006-curriculum syllabus as KP's class-6 volume, so nothing here is a Sindh-specific finding. The A6 of 4 is the corpus's most overlooked adversarial passage and it is English-medium, quotation-grade and aimed at ten-year-olds: under the heading \"Hostility of Jews and Banu Ghatfaan tribe to Islam\", \"They were always busy in anti-Islamic activities and conspiracies\" (p.42), then set as an examinable true/false item at p.46. A5 stays at 2 because the self-sacrifice lesson is built on I'sar with civilian examples — 1965 listed alongside the Badin floods and the 2005 earthquake (p.65). A7 4: one woman of four, in first position (p.81)."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-islamiyat-6-si",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Sindhi",
      "pages": 151,
      "sizeMB": 65.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 1.0.0.458",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-6/islamiyat-6-si.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "f6183ba0f6ef32178b52c65139bcce4711023dc9f5a82cf86d02550791632b49",
      "title": "6th Class Islamiyat Text Book PDF in Sindhi by STBB",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/6th-class-islamiyat-text-book-pdf-in-sindhi-by-stbb-1qn",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-islamiyat-6-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 131,
      "sizeMB": 64.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 1.0.0.458",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-6/islamiyat-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "db07e313e81b768eb694aeb5b938b0896b8a5f188dd3148920090de01b8a26e5",
      "title": "6th Class Islamiyat Text Book PDF in Urdu by Sindh Board",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/6th-class-islamiyat-text-book-pdf-in-urdu-by-sindh-board-ayo",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-social-studies-6-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Social Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 232,
      "sizeMB": 88.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-6/social-studies-6-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "285f82f2b2dbfec548754ebdc179c12f15a0cfe271640f21b1b5f8b223d0a7f3",
      "title": "Social Studies VI (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=81&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A2": 2,
        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 2
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.3/1k across 56,516 words — near-secular for the subject that carries social content."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "3.7/1k with substantial civic content — consistent with this lens's existing finding that Sindh is the only board teaching citizenship as a practice."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "7 evaluation and 11 open-opinion prompts in a class-6 book — the earliest substantial open demand found anywhere in the corpus."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "Sindh Curriculum 2015",
      "edition": "2016",
      "editionNote": "Approved 7 Dec 2016, letter SO(G-1) E&L/CURRICULUM-2014",
      "note": "Purpose-built to the Sindh Curriculum 2014/15 and approved 7 December 2016, this 232-page volume is the most unusual book in the corpus: ten units and 33 chapters of which history is roughly 12 per cent and civics plus economics about 40. There is no Muslim-rule narrative at all — no bin Qasim, no Delhi Sultanate, no Mughals, no Pakistan Movement — and the only figure with a biographical paragraph is Charles Darwin.A2 1 and A3 1 are both corpus minima and both earned: Units 3 and 4 teach government, elections, the ECP, media as watchdog, Articles 19 and 19(A) verbatim, civilian control of the armed forces (PAGE 71) and protest and sit-ins as citizen action, while the teacher's note at PAGE 11 asks what would follow if one version of history \"was declared to be the only 'true' and officially accepted story\". A6 1 covers an explicit anti-stereotyping lesson (pp.100–101). Two counter-currents: PAGE 12 carries the corpus's only verbatim Quranic verses outside Islamiyat, setting creation beside evolution, and PAGE 197 states girls' night-time conduct norms without critique. A 2026 Sindhi-medium edition exists that this English copy is six years behind."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-social-studies-6-si",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Social Studies",
      "medium": "Sindhi",
      "pages": 233,
      "sizeMB": 91.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-6/social-studies-6-si.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "9ed62bf508c5d7d9cf2bbb8a917d00932acddafc9c1c6a4edc06e2c165e8ca94",
      "title": "6th Class Social Studies Text Book PDF in Sindhi by STBB",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/6th-class-social-studies-text-book-pdf-in-sindhi-by-stbb-gsp",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "Sindh Curriculum 2015",
      "edition": "2016",
      "editionNote": "Approved 7 Dec 2016, letter SO(G-1) E&L/CURRICULUM-2014",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-social-studies-6-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Social Studies",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 232,
      "sizeMB": 55.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "www.ilovepdf.com",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-6/social-studies-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "bf01a081c7549664a0525d3d9184d23daeec66670e88d056b0e3a93a549357b2",
      "title": "6th Class Social Studies Text Book in Urdu by Sindh Board",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/6th-class-social-studies-text-book-in-urdu-by-sindh-board-egy",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "Sindh Curriculum 2015",
      "edition": "2016",
      "editionNote": "Approved 7 Dec 2016, letter SO(G-1) E&L/CURRICULUM-2014",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-urdu-6-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "6",
      "classSort": 6,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 113,
      "sizeMB": 78.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "www.ilovepdf.com",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-6/urdu-6-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "bb94a87ea52a4678345137651dead2efd72f884037c410d1bf715f5731f3248c",
      "title": "Urdu Reader VI (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=21&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Hamd then naat in the opening selections; Saadi hikayat."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Patriotic nazms (زندہ باد پاکستان), Youm-e-Azadi, Ziarat Residency, women in the Pakistan Movement ([track urdu](/studies/track-urdu/) §2.5). No martyr, no war lesson recovered"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "تحریکِ پاکستان میں خواتین کا کردار; no woman author"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "An Urdu-medium reader of roughly 26 lessons, reconstructed at medium-to-high confidence from a surviving contents page. The sequence opens with a hamd and a naat, then runs Saadi hikayat, a lesson on women's role in the Pakistan Movement, Youm-e-Azadi, the Quaid's Ziarat residency, Edison and the phonograph, essays on health, pollution, agriculture, sport and mathematics, and a zindabad Pakistan nazm. A1 3 reflects the hamd-then-naat opening plus the Saadi material; A5 2 reflects patriotic nazms and national-day content with no martyr biography and no war lesson recovered — which is not established rather than absent, since Nastaliq OCR is theme-grade throughout. A7 4 rests on the pattern common to all twelve Urdu readers in the corpus: a women-focused lesson is present but no woman is credited as author of any selection. No wording from this book is quotable; the lesson titles above are reconstructions, not attested printed headings, and the lesson count should not be treated as complete."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-english-7-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 175,
      "sizeMB": 12.1,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-7/english-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "4a4515945e244920fc240cf6fee5954697f7d81dfde0d432f51931f42e34efca",
      "title": "My English VII (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=145&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A2": 4,
        "A5": 1,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Zero religious selections. The one substantial religion passage is pluralist heritage — \"before the arrival of Islam, followers of some of the great religions of the world lived and thrived here\"; Bhambore has \"a Shiva temple from the Hindu period; and a mosque, with 727 AD written on it\" (Unit 5)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Duty-civics only: \"What is our responsibility as citizens towards bringing a good change?\" and a pollution unit splitting \"role of government; role of citizens\". No rights, no institutions, no franchise · english-7-en"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Unit 5 Pakistan home to ancient civilization — Indus Valley heritage"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Unit 7 Rafia's Wedding — the only woman-titled unit, and she is the occasion, not the actor"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Seven competency-titled units — environment, social etiquette, crisis awareness, empathy with special people, historical and cultural places, media, and Rafia's Wedding — again on the fixed six-part unit spine ending in a Fun section. A1 2: zero religious selections, and the one substantial religion passage is pluralist heritage, Bhambore's \"Shiva temple from the Hindu period; and a mosque, with 727 AD written on it\" in Unit 5. A2 4 is duty-civics only — \"What is our responsibility as citizens towards bringing a good change?\" and a pollution unit split into the role of government and the role of citizens, with no rights, institutions or franchise anywhere. A5 1: the national slot is Indus Valley heritage. A7 4 turns on Unit 7, the only woman-titled unit in the book, in which Rafia is the occasion rather than the actor. Distinctive feature: Unit 4, Awareness of and Empathy with Special People, is the only dedicated disability unit in any of the twelve readers examined. Native digital text without page markers, so citations are printed folios."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-general-science-7-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 215,
      "sizeMB": 68.5,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-7/general-science-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "e2d191dd19a2f925780251504b5ebd3c20f27239f749992a3ae0fb071b37483e",
      "title": "Science VII (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=114&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 2,
        "A7": 1
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Twelve chapters running human organ systems, transport, plant reproduction, feeding relationships, water, atomic structure, physical and chemical change, heat, dispersion of light, sound, circuits and space — chapter for chapter, in the same order, as KP's General Science 7, both being National Curriculum 2006 books in AFAQ-prepared editions. A1 is 1 on direct evidence: no religious content anywhere in the native text. The distinctive feature is localisation, and it is genuine rather than masthead: Figure 4.4 River Indus and Figure 4.5 Clifton Beach illustrate the water chapter, Thar is named the driest region, Activity 5.3 asks pupils to map Sindh's clean-water sources, and biology examples run to fungal infections in cattle in Sindh and roses observable in Sindh. No other board's science book does this. A7 3 comes with a warning: the book posts the corpus's highest female-to-male pronoun ratio at 1.188, but on roughly 35 tokens, and while named girls do run the inquiries, Fatima's heat-radiation example is about choosing dress colours. No COVID-19 content, dating the material pre-2020. No page markers; cite by section."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-general-science-7-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 216,
      "sizeMB": 100.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-7/general-science-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "1e5f9418663a031ae3f098d720bf0cb0cee721ea97d28743be819a6324fc80ca",
      "title": "7th Class General Science Text Book in Urdu by STBB",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/7th-class-general-science-text-book-in-urdu-by-stbb-vi3",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-islamiyat-7-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 94,
      "sizeMB": 32.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-7/islamiyat-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "c912763cb690b694a18f696de9bc80747266f89d2405cea995bda75c162caa0a",
      "title": "Islamiyat VII (2022-23 EM)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=261&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "The same five-chapter architecture and the same book as KP's class-7 Islamiyat: paras 13–20, hifz of Al-Duha, Al-Zilzal and Al-Qariah, prophethood and its requisites, worship, dua and zakat, a seerah run from the Conquest of Makkah through Hunain, Tabuk and the Farewell Sermon to the demise, a morals chapter that includes Environmental Pollution and Teachings of Islam, and four profiles — Ayesha Siddiqa first, then Baba Farid, Salahuddin Ayubi and Ibn Khaldun. A1b sits at 3 on a creedal but non-polemical register; the new belief lesson is finality of prophethood. A6 2 is earned by de-escalation: the Sultan's \"general amnesty for all Christians of Palestine\" with jizya waived for the old and disabled (p.88), and the Prophet visiting sick non-Muslims \"and even he used to visit his enemies who fell ill\" (p.74). A7 4 is the one-woman-first-position rule again (p.78). Worth flagging for anyone weighing instructional load: this book states that 40 of 100 Islamiyat marks go to Quran recitation (p.7). Text tier is partial, so absence claims here are weaker than for the class-6 and class-8 volumes."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-islamiyat-7-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 116,
      "sizeMB": 47.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 1.0.0.458",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-7/islamiyat-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "47c353af2a2b0af81f11526085e5dd49332844780cf9d1e7a7c2999fdf995f00",
      "title": "7th Class Islamiat (Sindhi) Text Book in PDF by STBB",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/7th-class-islamiat-sindhi-text-book-in-pdf-by-stbb-5bn",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-social-studies-7-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Social Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 196,
      "sizeMB": 109.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-7/social-studies-7-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "545acbff9bab6b8c6bb746fcc84e71c7afb647952144e96ef4bb33010cde3286",
      "title": "Social Studies VII (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=127&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A2": 1,
        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 2
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 34,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "1 of 21 chapters; a \"Muslim Scientists\" section with a poster activity — \"Make a poster presentation on the contribution of Muslim scientists\" · PAGE 34 — and a Muslim art/architecture prompt · PAGE 25; otherwise even-handed on Diwali, Holi, Baisakhi, Eid, Onam and Christmas · PAGE 79."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 40,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 2 The Constitution and Citizenship, pp.40–63, + Unit 5 ch.3, pp.165–172 (~16%): 1973 Constitution and its key principles, separation of powers, Dicey's rule of law, classification of rights (civil/political/economic/social), UDHR 1948, CRC 1989, Article 25-A, civil society \"to limit and control the power of the state\", a nine-step advocacy method, pupils asked to audit whether their own rights are met"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": 179,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"Site in a Bag\" archaeology exercise teaching evidential underdetermination: \"Historians often feel equally helpless when asked to evaluate a single artifact that someone has found… Why were some bags easier to interpret than others?\" (social-studies-7-en · PAGES 179–180). History skills defined as \"the ability to ask relevant and increasingly probing questions in order to make informed and reasoned judgements\" (PAGE 179). Ancient content still delivered as settled narrative, hence 2 not 1. No national narrative (0 hits for Mughal / bin Qasim / Pakistan Movement / Two-Nation / Sir Syed / 1857)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "World history (Greece, Persia, feudalism); the only soldiers are Persian Immortals and medieval vassals"
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 79,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"major festivals are Diwali, Holi, Baisakhi, and Eid-ul-Fitr, Dusshera, Onam, Christmas and many others are celebrated with great fervor all over India\" (p.79), followed by an explicit norm: \"There is an urge need for our multicultural society to have a strong sense of identity while respecting the values of others.\" (p.79). Ashoka admired (p.10); Gupta era a golden period (p.12); Cyrus's tolerance praised (p.18); \"There was a religious tolerance in the ottoman Empire.\" (p.31)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 169,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "A sociological \"Minority Groups\" section: minorities \"are also disadvantaged in some way when compared to the majority… socially segregated from the dominant forces of a society, members of a minority group usually are cut off from a full involvement in the workings of the society and from an equal share in the society's rewards.\" (p.169). Plus UDHR 1948, CRC 1989 and Article 25-A in the citizenship unit."
        },
        {
          "id": "e07",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 32,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Neutral-descriptive; \"The Crusades (wars between Muslims and Christians) were [fought]\" (p.32). No pathologising of motive."
        },
        {
          "id": "e08",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 161,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Explicit Gender-inequality section naming unequal wages, denial of career choice, honour killing, \"male dominating society\" (PAGE 161–163). See §6.1"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "Sindh Curriculum 2015",
      "edition": "2017",
      "editionNote": "Approved 6 Dec 2017, letter SO(G.J) E&L Curriculum 2014",
      "note": "Approved 6 December 2017 under the Sindh Curriculum 2015, this 196-page volume pairs ancient India and Persia with a genuine civics core and, unusually for the grade, micro-economics with demand and supply curves. A2 1 covers Unit 2, The Constitution and Citizenship (pp.40–63): the 1973 Constitution, separation of powers, Dicey's rule of law, a classification of rights, the UDHR 1948, the CRC 1989, Article 25-A, a nine-step advocacy method, and civil society existing \"to limit and control the power of the state\". A3 2 rather than 1 because the Site in a Bag archaeology exercise teaches evidential underdetermination (pp.179–180) while the ancient content is still delivered as settled narrative. A7 2 is the corpus's only critical gender text: the Gender-inequality section names unequal wages, denied career choice, honour killing and \"male dominating society\" (pp.161–163). Also here: an un-TOC'd child-protection chapter on violence (pp.193–196), explicit climate change (p.80), and Sindh used operationally through the 2010 Tori Bund breach and the 2001 drought. One caution: the raw working notes' \"first province\" free-education claim at p.51 failed verbatim re-checking and should be re-verified before use."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-urdu-7-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "7",
      "classSort": 7,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 128,
      "sizeMB": 108.9,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 26.1.0.143",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-7/urdu-7-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "84819d22d6d893adf2e3c65cec6d5ee577d5d407516e1f87174ee4b5b672ae8f",
      "title": "Urdu Reader VII (2025-26)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=20&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A5": 2,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 11,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Hamd lesson 1; a Hazrat Umar justice narrative · PAGE 11; naat later in the book."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "وطن کے پاسباں nazm, Youm-e-Istiqlal, national-flag etiquette, Sindhi folk romance نوری جام تماچی, Haji Sir Abdullah Haroon ([track urdu](/studies/track-urdu/) §2.6)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "تحریکِ پاکستان میں خواتین کا حصہ names five women politicians (Fatima Jinnah, Jahanara Shahnawaz, Shaista Ikramullah, Ra'ana Liaquat Ali) — the most substantive Urdu treatment in the corpus"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "A 2025–26 Urdu reader of roughly 27 lessons, reconstructed at medium-to-high confidence from lesson-objective boxes rather than a surviving contents page. It is the most regionally distinctive Urdu volume in the corpus: alongside the standard template of hamd, naat, first aid, football and civic-etiquette essays it carries the Sindhi folk romance Noori Jam Tamachi and a biography of the Sindhi leader Haji Sir Abdullah Haroon, founder of the newspaper Al-Wahid in 1920. A1 3 follows from the hamd at lesson 1, a Hazrat Umar justice narrative at PAGE 11 and a naat later in the book. A5 2 covers a watan ke pasban nazm, Youm-e-Istiqlal and national-flag etiquette, with no martyr and no war lesson recovered — not established rather than absent. A7 3 is the strongest gender score of any Urdu reader in the corpus, earned by a lesson on women in the Pakistan Movement naming five individual women politicians including Fatima Jinnah and Shaista Ikramullah. Nothing here is quotable; titles are reconstructions."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-english-8-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 158,
      "sizeMB": 13.1,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-8/english-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "cf2a46956082925da40a7d87870ddfae7295836cc8cc9a69d4047c0420129f11",
      "title": "My English VIII (2026)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=146&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A2": 4,
        "A5": 1,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Zero religious selections; the Edhi unit grounds his ethics in scripture — \"She told him to fear Allah as He never helps those who do not look after the mazlooms, who do not fulfil Huquq-ul-Ibaad … as this was the first priority in Islam\" (Unit 5)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Traffic-safety citizenship; \"A good citizen must ___ / A good citizen mustn't ___\" fill-ins; Edhi as \"the first common citizen of Pakistan\" to get a state funeral. Duties only"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Unit 2 My Blessed Beautiful Land (theme \"NATURAL BEAUTY OF PAKISTAN\"). Role model is Edhi"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Unit 7 The Multiple Roles That Women Play — a full gender unit, hidden from its own contents page by a numbering defect ([track english](/studies/track-english/) §1.7)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Seven units — friendship, the natural beauty of Pakistan, traffic education, educational opportunities, humanism, sportsmanship and the multiple roles that women play. A1 2: zero religious selections again, though the Edhi unit grounds his ethics in scripture (\"She told him to fear Allah as He never helps those who do not look after the mazlooms\"). That unit, What shaped Edhi's Life, is the fullest treatment of Edhi anywhere in the corpus and is what fills the role-model slot other boards give to a soldier, which is also why A5 sits at 1. A2 4 is traffic-safety citizenship plus \"A good citizen must ___ / A good citizen mustn't ___\" fill-ins: duties only. The A7 of 3 comes with the single most useful caution about this book — Unit 7 is a full gender unit but is hidden from its own contents page by a production defect that prints \"UNIT 6 SPORTSMANSHIP\" twice and numbers the gender unit's sub-sections 6.2–6.6, while the body header reads correctly. Any audit working from contents pages will miss it. Native text; cite by printed folio."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-general-science-8-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "General Science",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 192,
      "sizeMB": 91.6,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-8/general-science-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "1f00c14a48dd99c1cc526ba2b37b89386c2b1f4cd0d1d55d34262270449e0cf3",
      "title": "Science VIII (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=123&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 4,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "No religious content in the body; the STBB preface states the programme's aim that \"our new generation must be well conversant with the Islamic ideology\" (general-science-8-en · PAGE 4)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "6 female tokens in 40,427 words; DNA credited to Watson and Crick (PAGE ~1140, 1777)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Twelve chapters — human organ systems, heredity, biotechnology, pollutants, chemical reactions, acids and alkalis, force and pressure, measurement, heat, lenses, electricity and space — identical in list and order to KP's General Science 8, both National Curriculum 2006. A1 2 rather than 1 turns on a single structural fact rather than any body text: there is no religious content in the chapters, but the STBB preface states the programme's aim that \"our new generation must be well conversant with the Islamic ideology\" (PAGE 4). A7 is a 5 by absence, not prescription: six female-marked tokens in 40,427 words, and the DNA double helix credited to Watson and Crick with Rosalind Franklin appearing nowhere in the corpus. Climate change is reasonably covered here (nine mentions, sixteen for greenhouse) even though it vanishes from Sindh's class-9 chemistry and physics entirely. The book localises modestly — fifteen word-boundary hits on Sindh — and carries 47 activities and 13 experiments. No COVID-19 content anywhere, dating the material pre-2020 regardless of the reprint year."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-islamiyat-8-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 105,
      "sizeMB": 32.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-8/islamiyat-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "a01dada8073c7b120427e19009828f5adcff5df2a8a0fd4462d7018a7256cb03",
      "title": "Islamiyat VIII (2021-22 EM)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=262&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 3
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "The class-8 volume keeps the five-chapter shape but rebuilds the seerah thematically as seven character-trait lessons — great moral character, patience, sincerity, justice and benevolence, social life, style of speech, domestic life — rather than chronologically. Morals add Discipline and Respect for Laws and National Unity; the Quran chapter completes paras 21–30; the four profiles are Fatima Al-Zahra first, then Muhammad bin Qasim, Ibn Sina and Shah Waliullah. The ethical register dominates, which is why A1b reads 1 here: \"Mercy and compassion for non-Muslims\" (p.7), non-Muslim businessmen used as a positive comparator on honesty (p.48), and bin Qasim who \"gave religious freedom to the Hindus and gave them lands to build temples there\" (p.75). A6 stays at 2 rather than lower because the same lesson frees prisoners \"from oppressive Hindus\" (p.74). A5 2 is the National Unity lesson defining the nation as millat — ideological, not martial. The practical warning: this volume is bound out of order in the scan, with chapters 3–5 at PDF pages 6–86 and chapters 1–2 at 87–105, so page citations do not follow printed order."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-islamiyat-8-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 123,
      "sizeMB": 49.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 1.0.0.458",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-8/islamiyat-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "3626ac3900e16ed90d1248af9e13897692093a8b43d2905383b2ea8e0b6ce2b1",
      "title": "Class 8th Islamiat (Sindhi) Text Book in PDF by STBB",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/class-8th-islamiat-sindhi-text-book-in-pdf-by-stbb-q30",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-social-studies-8-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Social Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 66,
      "sizeMB": 57.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-8/social-studies-8-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "19cca77abf8e34aa27434457bbf41cc4814d4f5183cfcb6f477df8b2d20eb86a",
      "title": "Social Studies VIII (2022-23)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=226&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 5,
        "A4": 5,
        "A5": 2,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 4,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The book's first sentence of body text, at the head of an astronomy chapter: \"Allah Almighty has created this Earth, the Sun, the Moon, and the planets for the benefit of mankind. His creation makes our belief in His existence still stronger\" (social-studies-8-en · PAGE 4) — an argument from design; plus Ch.8 Ideology of Pakistan · PAGE 52–59. Register is communal-national, not devotional (0 Quran/Prophet/Hazrat)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The civics of its own class-6 and class-7 companions is gone. Constitution/election hits are all colonial constitutional history inside Ch.8 (Govt of India Act 1935, separate electorates). Ch.9 teaches the UN's organs but no rights instrument; \"human rights\" = 0 hits. One evaluative exercise prompt survives (§5)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 53,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "2 inquiry-verb hits in 39k words; no source criticism. The corpus's most adversarial single chapter (Ch.8, ~8 pp). \"Sir Syed Ahmed Khan presented the ideology of Pakistan for the first time due to the biased attitude of the Hindus\" (social-studies-8-en · PAGE 53); \"the Hindus had no clean heart for the Muslims\" (PAGE 55). 1857 as a Muslim war: \"the War of Independence, (1857) was the result of strong Muslim feeling of gaining back their lost power\" (PAGE 53) — yet also the corpus's sharpest anti-colonial line: \"The British called this war a Mutiny and dubbed their enemies as rebels. But this war was the first united effort of the Indians against the British\" (PAGE 53). Ends 1947; no Pakistani actor is ever at fault."
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "1857 \"War of Independence\" — sepoy grievances, Meerut, Delhi (social-studies-8-en · lines 4098–4156). Historical narration; no Pakistan-army content"
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 52,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "The corpus maximum. \"The Hindu racists were not only against Muslims but were against all other minorities and even Christians became victims of their atrocities.\" (p.52) — followed immediately by the trans-historical move: \"the present behaviour of Indian Hindus is similar to that they has some on hundred and fifty years ago.\" [sic] (p.52). Also: \"Sir Syed Ahmed Khan presented the ideology of Pakistan for the first time due to the biased attitude of the Hindus\" and \"Later, Hindu atrocities against the Muslims forced them to promote the ideology of Pakistan\" (p.52); \"But the Hindus had no clean heart for the Muslims. As a matter of fact the Hindus wanted to get power over the sub-continent after the British left.\" (p.54); \"the policies of Congress convinced the Muslims that it basically wanted to establish the Hindu rule\" (p.55)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e06",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 54,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Graphic historical adversary. \"the British took ruthless revenge… They stitched the dead bodies of Muslims in the skin of pig and threw them i[n the] river… The British and Sikh soldiers insultted the women and killed the children.\" (p.54). Counterweighted by an itemised reform list (councils, universities, railways, police and revenue reform) on the same page, and by \"The British called this war a Mutiny and dubbed their enemies as rebels. But this war was the first united effort of the Indians\" (p.53)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e07",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 62,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "A Muslim/non-Muslim binary applied to an institution: \"the United Nations seems very active in resolving tha problems of non-Muslim nations… It provides a mere lip service to the Muslim nations. If it is the problem of civil war in tiny Rwanda in Africa, it at once dispatches its troops but shows indifference to the killings of innocent Muslims in the occupied Jammu and Kashmir.\" (p.62)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e08",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 63,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "State-directed, not group-essentialised: \"the Israeli extremist zealots tried to burn the Al-Aqsa Mosque\" (p.63); a factual Oslo-accords summary follows."
        },
        {
          "id": "e09",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 52,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"In this state, non-Muslims have also been guaranteed complete freedom and security. Quaid-i-Azam, time and again, talked about these guarantees to the minorities.\" (p.52). No section."
        },
        {
          "id": "e10",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 35,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "A short \"Men and Women\" equal-opportunity passage inside the population chapter (PAGE 35); elsewhere women appear only as victims — soldiers who \"insultted the women\" in 1857 (PAGE 54), mass rape in Bosnia and Kashmir (PAGE 62)"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "Federal legacy (Middle School Project)",
      "edition": "~2020-21 reprint",
      "editionNote": "Approved by Ministry of Education Curriculum Wing, Islamabad; translated from Urdu",
      "note": "The discontinuity book. Not a Sindh Curriculum text but a legacy federal Middle School Project volume translated from Urdu and approved by the Ministry of Education Curriculum Wing, Islamabad — an office superseded in 2010 — reprinted around 2020–21. Ten chapters in 66 pages (not truncated), running the universe, land and water, climatic regions, resources, population, communications, tourism, the Ideology of Pakistan, the UN and a health chapter. All the board's history and ideology load for classes 6–8 sits in Chapter 8, about eight pages. A1 4 rests on the book's first sentence of body text, an argument from design at the head of an astronomy chapter (PAGE 4), with a communal rather than devotional register throughout: 167 \"Muslim\" against zero Quran, Prophet or Hazrat. A3 5 and A4 5 follow from two inquiry verbs in 39,000 words and a narrative in which no Pakistani actor is ever at fault. One caution matters: othering was scored per out-group, and the record's A6 of 2 is the minorities reading — the Hindus reading is 5, the corpus maximum. Civics and climate change, both central to its own class-7 companion, are gone."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-urdu-8-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "8",
      "classSort": 8,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 113,
      "sizeMB": 70.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "3-Heights(TM) PDF Security Shell 4.8.25.2 (http",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-8/urdu-8-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "c7e353ede6cfff81659f31010ea033de54b0480d2ef89b9fc2b4b99d66080990",
      "title": "Urdu Reader VIII (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=23&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A5": 2,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "The densest Urdu reader in the corpus (3.06/1,000): hamd, a Seerah/akhlaq-e-nabawi lesson, a Hazrat Zainab lesson, a naat and an ummah-unity lesson all inside the first quarter (urdu-8-ur · PAGE 8–14)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 28,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Theme-grade, but decisive: the only shaheed figure in Sindh's Urdu reader is Hakim Muhammad Said Shaheed, the civilian physician-philanthropist assassinated in 1998, with his Sitara-e-Imtiaz named (urdu-8-ur · PAGE 28). The other martyrdom references are Karbala (Hazrat Zainab lesson, · pp.12–15). No soldier appears"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "An Urdu reader of roughly 25 lessons rebuilt at medium confidence from learning-outcome boxes, the contents pages having been lost to OCR. It is the densest Urdu reader in the corpus on religious markers (3.06 per thousand), with a hamd, an akhlaq-e-nabawi lesson on Taif, a Hazrat Zainab lesson, a naat and an ummah-unity lesson all inside the first quarter, which is what sets A1 at 4. Its distinctive feature is contemporaneity: this is the only board reaching past 1947 for its exemplars, carrying Abdul Sattar Edhi, Hakim Muhammad Said and a Girl Guides lesson, plus the corpus's only standalone literary-theory lesson teaching the prose-and-verse taxonomy as content. A5 2 is decided by one fact recoverable at theme grade: the only shaheed figure is Hakim Muhammad Said, a civilian physician assassinated in 1998, with the other martyrdom references being Karbala. No soldier appears. Nothing here is quotable, and the reconstruction is incomplete."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-biology-9-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 211,
      "sizeMB": 16.6,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-9/biology-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "01075d74882c66df80fef64ea5db329263a04371d465fcc0bb7054f9cc0dcb4b",
      "title": "Biology IX (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=117&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 2
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Nine chapters — introduction, solving a biological problem, biodiversity, cells and tissues, cell cycle, enzymes, bioenergetics, nutrition, transport — the same nine, in the same order, as KP's Biology 9, both National Curriculum 2006 books; the preface explains the reduction from an earlier nineteen. A1 3 rests on two adjacent sections in Chapter 1: §1.1.3 Quran and Biology, opening \"The Almighty Allah has conveyed a great knowledge about the origin and characteristics of animals and plants through our Holy Book, the Quran\", and §1.1.4 Contribution of Muslim Scientists — both examined, the latter by the exercise \"Describe the role of Muslim scientists in the field of biology\". Worth noting for comparison: Sindh reads Al-Anbiya 30 materially, symbolising water with protoplasm, where Punjab reads the same verse as common descent. A7 4 despite a low pronoun ratio, because this is the one science book in the corpus that discusses gender as a subject, on cultural preference for men and girls' malnutrition. The file is native digital without page markers, so cite by section or printed folio."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-biology-9-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 117,
      "sizeMB": 61,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-9/biology-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "6c1cc5619077c8139c4aa144d7802f03e7c8e9fdbade95f48954aa7fb3cfd47a",
      "title": "Class 9 Biology (UM) Text Book by Sindh Board",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.taleem360.com/download/class-9-biology-um-text-book-by-sindh-board-rox",
      "scores": {},
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-chemistry-9-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Chemistry",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 187,
      "sizeMB": 82.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat Pro 11.0.0",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-9/chemistry-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "557f6010bdbcf37654587190e355e658dfe755b120b3afbdb15cf0f9a8e3f6ab",
      "title": "Chemistry IX (2022-23)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=195&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 2,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 5,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "SLO \"Explain the contribution of Muslim scientists in the development of chemistry\" · PAGE 5 and a Jabir ibn Hayyan credit table · PAGE 6–7. No scripture."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Eight chapters — fundamentals, atomic structure, the periodic table, chemical bonding, physical states, solutions, electrochemistry, chemical reactivity — identical in title and order to KP's Chemistry 9, and convergent down to shared section headings such as §4.1 \"Why do atoms form chemical Bonds?\". This is architectural convergence on National Curriculum 2006, not copied prose. A1 2 covers a history-of-science strand and nothing devotional: the SLO \"Explain the contribution of Muslim scientists in the development of chemistry\" at PAGE 5 and a Jabir ibn Hayyan credit table at PAGE 6–7, with no scripture anywhere in the book. A7 is a 5 purely by absence — zero female-marked tokens in 42,021 words, one of only five English-medium files in the entire corpus with none at all. Two further absences a researcher should note: climate change is mentioned zero times, and there are no careers sections and no web links. A newer 2026 Urdu edition of this cell exists; the English copy held here is the 2022–23 one."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-english-9-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 228,
      "sizeMB": 46.5,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Wondershare PDFelement",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-9/english-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "ce482a89ec442479105a659131f306129047b5544f9df0363aec8de6543ceebd",
      "title": "My English IX (2026)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=147&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 3,
        "A2": 4,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 2,
        "A7": 2
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 3,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 8,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 1.1 The Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) opens the book · PAGE 8–15, with the full equality passage at · PAGE 10; 1 religious unit of 8; Shah Abdul Latif is treated as regional heritage, not doctrine."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "civics",
          "axis": "A2",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 24,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Two model letters-to-the-editor demanding government action (traffic deaths; a plastic-bag ban), signed \"A Concerned Citizen\"; a cloze passage \"The Duties of a Good Citizen\" that is duty-only and ends on a hadith · PAGE 24–25, PAGE 52–53"
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "patriotism",
          "axis": "A5",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 145,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 4 The Great Visionaries (Quaid + Iqbal). The single \"Nishan-e-Haider\" occurrence in the whole Sindh corpus is a wrong-answer distractor in an MCQ about which award Bilquis Edhi received (english-9-en · PAGE 145). It is not martial content and should not be counted as one"
        },
        {
          "id": "e04",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 85,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Warm: Jinnah \"was well respected among the people of other faiths, including the Hindus, Christians, Sikhs and Parsis. Due to his tolerance and acceptance of all faiths, some Hindu leaders, like Gokhale and the famous Hindu poetess Sarojini Nido, called him 'the best Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity.'\" (p.85)"
        },
        {
          "id": "e05",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Unit 6 GENDER EQUITY — The Role of Women in Pakistan's Creation and Development; Helen Keller at 6.4"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "The 2026 edition, eight units plus two supplementary readings, and the point where Sindh's otherwise secular reader sequence changes: Unit 1.1, The Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet, opens the book at PAGE 8–15 with the full equality passage at PAGE 10 — one religious unit of eight, which is why A1 rises to 3 from the 2 held at classes 6–8. Unit 2's role model is Shah Abdul Latif, treated as regional heritage rather than doctrine and the only board-specific literary figure any board elevates to a full unit. A2 4 is duty-civics with a twist: two model letters to the editor demanding government action, signed \"A Concerned Citizen\", beside a duties-of-a-good-citizen cloze that ends on a hadith. A7 2 is Unit 6, GENDER EQUITY. The one thing to be careful about: the single Nishan-e-Haider string in the whole Sindh corpus is here, at PAGE 145, as a wrong-answer distractor in an MCQ about Bilquis Edhi's award. It is not martial content and should not be counted as such."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-islamiyat-9-10-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "9-10",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Islamiyat",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 176,
      "sizeMB": 115.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 23.0.0.363",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-9/islamiyat-9-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "6b59d04dfbdfdaf1d8e9ecff244b3aaf979d2b1d038bab5c18889fc4ab27b5f7",
      "title": "Islamiyat IX-X (2022-23 EM)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=267&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1b": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": null,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 34,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Tafsir of Al-Tawbah 33: \"Islam may be victorious in every country, and all other religions should not have dominance… strive for the domination of the true religion. This is the religious duty of everyone\" · PAGE 34; finality of prophethood · PAGE 75–82; a full Jihad chapter · PAGE 86–92. Set against protective language — \"for those who do not accept Islam but … like to live as a protected minority, Islam guarantees these three rights\" · PAGE 25. The supremacist passage is what lifts this above 3; the tension is internal to one volume."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "A single combined IX–X volume of 176 pages, and structurally different from the classes 6–8 books: four chapters rather than five, with Hadith promoted to a chapter of its own and a large Thematic Study chapter covering beliefs, worships, seerah and morals. Its Quranic selections are thematically grouped and drawn heavily from Al-Nisa, Al-Ma'idah and Al-Tawbah. Two features dominate. First, the jihad lesson (pp.86–92) is the most elaborated restraint doctrine in the corpus: self-struggle ranked first as Jihad-e-Akbar, \"The best Jihad is to speak a word of justice in front of the tyrant ruler\", a state monopoly on declaring war with individual and group fatwas declared void, civilian immunity, and the closing decoupling \"Word Jihad is not a synonym of war\". Second, the same volume carries the corpus's clearest supremacist passage, in the tafsir of Al-Tawbah 33 at p.34, against a named protected-minority guarantee at p.25. The tension is internal to one book, so quoting either half alone misrepresents it. Its four personality profiles are all male, breaking the one-woman-first-position rule of the lower volumes."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-pakistan-studies-9-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 195,
      "sizeMB": 31.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat 11.0 Image Conversion Plug-in",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-9/pakistan-studies-9-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "6a018e4c02c38ba060a5863577e4f94eb535fa37e8d94d3f2200d4f4de2cfbbe",
      "title": "Pakistan Studies IX (2020-21, Urdu-only)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=183&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A2": 3,
        "A6": 4,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [],
      "curriculum": "NC 2006 / 2004 approval",
      "edition": "2020-21",
      "editionNote": "Combined IX-X volume; approved 2004",
      "note": "Filed as class 9 but not a class-9 book. The cover states it is for the ninth and tenth classes, and the imprint carries the same approval reference as the English-medium class-10 volume — Ministry of Education Curriculum Wing letter 4-4/2003, dated 2004. At 195 pages against the English book's 192, with the same chapter sequence visible in a partially legible fihrist and culture and education chapters confirmed in the body, it is the same combined IX–X textbook in the other medium, not a separate title. Scoring it separately would double-count Sindh's Pakistan Studies. It is also the only class-9 Pakistan Studies edition STBB publishes: there is no English class-9 edition to hold. The extraction is theme-grade Urdu OCR, so structure and imprint details are usable and no wording is."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-physics-9-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "9",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Physics",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 223,
      "sizeMB": 139.3,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Adobe Acrobat Pro 11.0.0",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-9/physics-9-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "1ee4220a26f2f066112bef979727c0e6c48dd4ca3293590473019b6d7deab9a6",
      "title": "Physics IX (2026)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=174&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Not one religious token in 223 pp.; no bismillah. The most secular book in the corpus."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "Nine units, with mechanics units 1–4 identical to Punjab's and KP's — that core is genuinely national — and one unit no other board gives standalone space: Unit 8, Energy Sources and Transfer of Energy, framing energy through renewable and non-renewable resources and efficiency. A1 is 1 on the strongest evidence in the corpus: not one religious token in 223 pages, and no bismillah. This is the most secular book examined, and it is the direct control against KP's Physics 9, which opens Chapter 1 with a \"QURAAN AND PHYSICS\" page before any physics content. A7 5 is again absence rather than prescription — one female-marked token in 44,833 words. Climate change is mentioned zero times. The practical warning is a defect in the book itself: its own contents page prints only eight rows and omits Unit 8 entirely, which exists and opens at PAGE 180. Anyone reconstructing the syllabus from the printed TOC will drop a unit."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-urdu-9-10-ur",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "9-10",
      "classSort": 9,
      "subject": "Urdu",
      "medium": "Urdu",
      "pages": 108,
      "sizeMB": 54.8,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "3-Heights(TM) PDF Security Shell 4.8.25.2 (http",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-9/urdu-9-10-ur.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "2e9c60588e0130da4f777a33f0a1cdb10ae3548b863a2830524abe3899db5c0b",
      "title": "Urdu Lazmi IX-X (2020-21)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=22&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": 5,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "Opens with a Seerah prose lesson · PAGE 5–9; naat mid-book; Al-Biruni profile."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "urdu-ocr",
          "text": "No women-focused lesson recovered; no woman author; file is the worst-formatted Sindh volume"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": "A combined IX–X reader and the worst-formatted Sindh file in the corpus: decorative dashed page borders OCR as dense noise and displace most title lines, so the reconstruction is low-to-medium confidence and the lesson ordering is inferred from page position and may be wrong. What is recoverable suggests a seerah prose opening, a lesson on the three great rights, a Tehreek-e-Pakistan narrative running Tipu Sultan to 1947, a district-dispensary satire, an Al-Biruni profile, and a poetry section carrying Ghalib twice, Amir Minai's naat, Iqbal and a patriotic nazm. The religion lens records A1 4 on the seerah opening and mid-book naat. No women-focused lesson and no woman author were recovered, which should be reported as not established rather than as absent. Nothing here is quotable and the lesson list is not an inventory."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-biology-10-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Biology",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 203,
      "sizeMB": 94.2,
      "textTier": "native",
      "producer": "iLovePDF",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-10/biology-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "a81c24dc190174d27f6784478a869447af10b2436f741dbd140457f3b6b6443b",
      "title": "The Textbook of Biology For Grade 10 (2021-22)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cdn.ilmkidunya.com//files/customfiles/2025/09/10th%20Class%20Biology%20Sindh%20Board_compressed.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 5,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 1,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "printed folio",
          "tier": "native",
          "text": "Zero evaluation verbs and zero open prompts across 39,308 words — pure recall."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-chemistry-10-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Chemistry",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 139,
      "sizeMB": 39.7,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 18.0.0.448",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-10/chemistry-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "40b8945cef305f310302a410c1994f5f7597c5c85706059e385ee23d3aa7c7f6",
      "title": "The Textbook of Chemistry For Class X (Test Edition, 2022-23)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cdn.ilmkidunya.com//files/customfiles/2025/09/10th%20Class%20Chemistry%20Sindh%20Board.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.25 on a base of 0.1/1k across 33,909 words."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-english-10-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "English",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 194,
      "sizeMB": 83.4,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 17.1.0.572",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-10/english-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "b7c7bc38840ebac47c34704591edfddf66126653fa4a0e59781e23c351e06624",
      "title": "Secondary Stage English Book Two For Class X (2022-23)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://drive.usercontent.google.com/download?id=1QTkO12vdNuLkOnVyY3Juppkr2FzNhvBC&export=download&confirm=t",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A2": 4,
        "A3": 2,
        "A5": 1,
        "A6": 1,
        "A7": 3
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "0.3/1k across 44,245 words — the most secular English reader in the entire corpus, at any class, on any board."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "history",
          "axis": "A3",
          "score": 2,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 78,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "20 evaluation and 5 open prompts, including \"Do you think that social media is a good thing or a bad thing\" (PAGE 78) and \"Do you think people (travel) to the moon again\" (PAGE 94)."
        },
        {
          "id": "e03",
          "lens": "othering",
          "axis": "A6",
          "score": 1,
          "kind": "absence",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Zero out-group tokens across 44,245 words."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-pakistan-studies-10-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Pakistan Studies",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 192,
      "sizeMB": 83,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "Corel PDF Engine Version 18.0.0.448",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-10/pakistan-studies-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-21",
      "sha256": "d86a658828b895f69a51a23ee0d553170c153cfdab55ae0c8c74542c323b6b2a",
      "title": "Pak Studies X (2023-24)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://portal.stbb.edu.pk/ebooks/pdf_proxy.php?id=235&download=1",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 4,
        "A7": 4
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "religion",
          "axis": "A1",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 5,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ch.1 grounds the state in \"the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah… Islam is a universal Deen i.e., it is a complete code of life\" · PAGE 5; the five pillars expounded at · PAGE 164–172 inside a welfare state chapter; \"Holy Last Prophet\" honorific used ~30× throughout. Sindh's class-9 Urdu Pakistan Studies is the same title in the other medium — scored once."
        },
        {
          "id": "e02",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 4,
          "kind": "quotation",
          "page": 138,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "\"Male member has occupied a unique status… He is the head of the family. He is the dominant member. But a woman is also considered an important part of the family who governs and manages all family affairs within the four walls\" (PAGE 138). Counterweight: a Women Ombudsperson chapter. See §6.4"
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "NC 2006 / 2004 approval",
      "edition": "2023-24",
      "editionNote": "Combined IX-X volume; approved 2004",
      "note": "Thirteen chapters in 192 pages, approved 9 October 2004 and still in print for 2023–24, and the single most important thing about it is where the political narrative stops: the recognition of Bangladesh at the 1974 Lahore Islamic Summit. A Sindh matriculant learns nothing from this book about Bhutto's government, Zia, Islamisation, the Hudood Ordinances, the 1998 tests, Musharraf or terrorism. A1 4 rests on Chapter 1 grounding the state in \"the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah\" (PAGE 5) and the five pillars expounded inside a welfare-state chapter (PAGE 164–172). A7 4 is the corpus's clearest prescriptive passage — a woman \"governs and manages all family affairs within the four walls\" (PAGE 138) — offset by a Women Ombudsperson chapter. Against that sit real distinctions: a five-chapter civics and rights block reproducing the UDHR article-by-article (pp.182–186), a \"Role of various Provinces in the Pakistan Movement\" section found nowhere else, and the only account in the corpus that prints the 16 December 1971 surrender (p.46). Note the maps were updated post-2019 while the text was not, and chapters 12–13 are internally datable well after the 2004 core."
    },
    {
      "id": "stbb-physics-10-en",
      "board": "STBB",
      "boardName": "Sindh",
      "boardFull": "Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro",
      "class": "10",
      "classSort": 10,
      "subject": "Physics",
      "medium": "English",
      "pages": 242,
      "sizeMB": 17.1,
      "textTier": "scanned",
      "producer": "?",
      "file": "stbb-sindh/class-10/physics-10-en.pdf",
      "year": null,
      "acquired": "2026-08-23",
      "sha256": "969e43c5218736e31f6ca953546d8c1474c37e9b76e525b3a78f239aa7bf383d",
      "title": "The Textbook of Physics For Class 10 (Test Edition, 2025)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cdn.ilmkidunya.com//files/customfiles/2025/09/10th%20Physics%20(EM)%20Sindh%20Board.pdf",
      "scores": {
        "A1": 1,
        "A3": 3,
        "A5": 1,
        "A7": 5
      },
      "evidence": [
        {
          "id": "e01",
          "lens": "gender",
          "axis": "A7",
          "score": 5,
          "kind": "observation",
          "page": null,
          "pageBasis": "PDF page index",
          "tier": "english-ocr",
          "text": "Ratio 0.25 on a base of 0.2/1k across 60,109 words."
        }
      ],
      "curriculum": "National Curriculum 2006",
      "edition": "portal-listed",
      "editionNote": "STBB portal edition year",
      "note": null
    }
  ],
  "findings": [
    {
      "id": "same-event-opposite-pedagogy",
      "cat": "Inquiry",
      "title": "The same event, taught two opposite ways, in the same school year",
      "claim": "Punjab's class-6 history instructs pupils to prove a contested theory; Sindh's class-6 social studies tells them most historians reject it. Both are current books, and both are an eleven-year-old's first encounter with how history is decided.",
      "quote": "Justify that Indus Valley people did not learn the warfare nor developed their trade, and therefore, were easily defeated by Aryans.",
      "cite": "Sindh Social Studies 6, 2016 edition",
      "counter": "Sindh Textbook Board, Social Studies 6 (Sindh Curriculum 2015), printed p. 46: \"But most historians do not believe this theory as there is no evidence of war or mass killings.\"",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "The Punjab instruction sits on the same page as the book's own admission that \"We do not know why this civilization came to an end.\" The narrative concedes uncertainty; the exercise then requires the pupil to argue one cause as settled.",
      "books": [
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en",
        "pctb-history-6-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en:A3"
      ],
      "walk": "Punjab's History 6 admits on the page that “We do not know why this civilization came to an end.” The exercise beneath that sentence then requires the pupil to prove one of the competing explanations anyway. Sindh's Social Studies 6, written for children of exactly the same age, does the reverse — it carries 7 evaluation and 11 open-opinion prompts, the earliest substantial open demand found anywhere in the corpus. Neither board has better evidence about the Indus Valley than the other. What differs is what each has decided an eleven-year-old is permitted to conclude.",
      "citeDetail": "The Punjab side is History 6, Experimental Edition (SNC 2022), printed p. 28 — the book carries no scored evidence record of its own on this axis."
    },
    {
      "id": "transfer-operation-question",
      "cat": "Assessment",
      "title": "An exam question that asks the pupil to supply the target",
      "claim": "Punjab's class-9 English reader asks pupils to draw parallels between pre-Islamic Arabia and other \"periods of decline and renewal\". It names no target. The pupil supplies it — and is marked on having supplied it.",
      "quote": "What parallels can you draw between the state of civilization described here and the other historical periods of decline and renewal?",
      "cite": "Punjab English 9, 2022-23 edition — printed p. 8",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "This is the study's central artefact for the assessment-demand argument: the inference is never stated by the book, but it is required from the pupil and graded.",
      "books": [
        "pctb-english-9-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-english-9-en:A1"
      ],
      "walk": "The prompt does not arrive cold. The book opens with the Seerah — Unit 1, The Saviour of Mankind, at printed p. 8 — so the frame of decline and renewal is established long before the exercise appears. The question then asks the pupil to draw a parallel and deliberately names no target. Whatever the pupil supplies is therefore their own inference, and it is the inference that is marked.",
      "citeDetail": "The prompt is question 4 at printed p. 10, in the unit titled “The Saviour of Mankind”."
    },
    {
      "id": "racial-ethnography-current",
      "cat": "Content",
      "title": "A current textbook still teaches colonial racial theory as fact",
      "claim": "A Punjab geography book printed in March 2022, under the Single National Curriculum, describes equatorial peoples in nineteenth-century racial language — and returns to the material in a multiple-choice question eight pages later.",
      "quote": "Natives are black people that are settled along rivers and oceans in small settlements… Wild people with small height lives in Congo. People are uncivilized. People have no interest in religion, education",
      "cite": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Geography 6, Experimental Edition, printed March 2022, printed p. 36",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Elsewhere in the same chapter Amazonian peoples are \"known as Red Indians\" (p. 37) and northern Canadians \"known as Eskimos\" (p. 39).",
      "books": [
        "pctb-geography-6-en"
      ],
      "walk": "This is not one dated sentence. Elsewhere in the same chapter Amazonian peoples are “known as Red Indians” (p. 37) and northern Canadians “known as Eskimos” (p. 39). Eight pages after the passage the book returns to the material as a multiple-choice question — which is what moves it from old phrasing to examinable content a child must reproduce correctly. The volume was printed in March 2022, under the Single National Curriculum.",
      "citeDetail": "Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Geography 6, Experimental Edition, printed March 2022, printed p. 36; the multiple-choice item follows at p. 44."
    },
    {
      "id": "1971-three-ways",
      "cat": "History",
      "title": "1971 is narrated three different ways, and only one board names the surrender",
      "claim": "Punjab externalises the loss of East Pakistan almost entirely and never mentions the surrender. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa indicts its own military rule. Sindh is the only board in the corpus that prints the word \"surrendered\".",
      "quote": "a never ending military dictatorship was becoming strong in the country. Awami League, the wining party of 1970 elections was deprived of the power by one pretext or another… Many innocent citizens along with the Armed persons were killed in the military action.",
      "cite": "Punjab Pakistan Studies 9, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 18; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 9, printed 2024-25 edition — PDF p. 95; Sindh Social Studies 8, ~2020-21 reprint edition — PDF p. 52",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "KP's book uniquely records a named counterfactual: the last Governor of East Pakistan advised a political solution and was overruled.",
      "books": [
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
        "stbb-social-studies-8-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6",
        "stbb-social-studies-8-en:A6"
      ],
      "walk": "Punjab's Pakistan Studies 9 places the loss of East Pakistan outside Pakistan almost entirely, and the surrender never appears; the book's out-group register is set much earlier, with “Hindus are not our friends” printed as a keyed exam option at p. 18. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's volume of the same class takes the opposite route and indicts its own side, recording that a “never ending military dictatorship was becoming strong” — while, twenty pages on, running a section headed “NEGATIVE ROLE OF HINDU TEACHERS” (p. 95). Sindh is the only board in the corpus that prints the word “surrendered” at all. Three boards, one event, three incompatible accounts — and a pupil sees exactly one of them.",
      "citeDetail": "The KP passage is at PDF p. 94 of Pakistan Studies 9 (NC 2006 scheme, academic year 2024–25)."
    },
    {
      "id": "hindu-teachers-durable",
      "cat": "Othering",
      "title": "One explanation for 1971 survives in every board across twenty years of editions",
      "claim": "The claim that Hindu schoolteachers turned Bengali children against Pakistan appears in all three scored boards, in editions from 2004, 2023 and 2024–25 alike. It is the corpus's most durable sentence-level inheritance and the strongest evidence that these are divergent editions of one older federal text.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 9, printed 2024-25 edition — PDF p. 95; Punjab Pakistan Studies 9, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 18; Sindh Social Studies 8, ~2020-21 reprint edition — PDF p. 52",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6",
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6",
        "stbb-social-studies-8-en:A6"
      ],
      "books": [
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
        "stbb-social-studies-8-en"
      ],
      "walk": "The same allegation surfaces in three separate boards' books. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa gives it a numbered section heading — “7. NEGATIVE ROLE OF HINDU TEACHERS… They prepared the minds of new generations to rebel against the ideology of Pakistan” (p. 95). Punjab's Pakistan Studies 9 carries the same trans-historical enmity as assessed content, keying “(c) Hindus are not our friends” as a correct answer (p. 18). Sindh's Social Studies 8 states it hardest — “The Hindu racists were not only against Muslims but were against all other minorities” (p. 52) — and then extends it to the present day. These are editions of 2004, 2023 and 2024–25. A sentence surviving three boards and twenty years is not a provincial position; it is an inheritance from a common ancestor text."
    },
    {
      "id": "no-women-agents",
      "cat": "Gender",
      "title": "No woman appears as an agent of knowledge anywhere in the corpus",
      "claim": "Across roughly half a million words of English-medium science from every board there is not one named woman scientist. Rosalind Franklin does not occur in the corpus at all, while Watson and Crick are credited for the structure of DNA in three separate books. Across twelve Urdu-language readers, no woman is credited as the author of any selection.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chemistry 10, 'New Edition', scan 2021 edition; Sindh General Science 8, portal-listed edition; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chemistry 9, 2019-20 edition; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Physics 10, scan 2021 edition — PDF p. 244",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "A counter-intuitive corollary: the only three women credited as authors anywhere sit in KP's English readers — the board scoring worst on every other gender measure — because its older anthology-based syllabus admits them incidentally, where newer commissioned books admit women only as subjects.",
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-chemistry-10-en:A7",
        "stbb-general-science-8-en:A7",
        "kptbb-chemistry-9-en:A7",
        "kptbb-physics-10-en:A7"
      ],
      "books": [
        "kptbb-chemistry-10-en",
        "stbb-general-science-8-en",
        "kptbb-chemistry-9-en",
        "kptbb-physics-10-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Start with the arithmetic: KP's Chemistry 10 runs 55,101 words at 0.1 feminine tokens per thousand and names no woman scientist at all. Sindh's General Science 8 manages six female tokens in 40,427 words and credits DNA to Watson and Crick — Rosalind Franklin does not occur anywhere in the corpus. KP's Chemistry 9 does contain a named woman scientist, but only as the answer to a puzzle. The one real exception is KP's Physics 10 at p. 244, which names Marie Curie with her dates and credits Lise Meitner with the theory of fission, printing her portrait. One book in eleven."
    },
    {
      "id": "two-scales-disagree",
      "cat": "Method",
      "title": "Religiosity and conservatism rank the boards differently",
      "claim": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa runs the most religiously saturated curriculum of the scored boards and simultaneously the most open historical narrative — it names its own generals' overreach, prints the 1971 prisoner figure, and treats Kargil as a loss of face. Punjab measures as less religious and more closed, more militarised and more hostile toward Hindus and India.",
      "cite": "The secularity and conservatism indices, computed over every scored English-medium book in the corpus",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Being religious and being conservative are separate measurable properties here, and they vary independently. Any single ranking that merges them will mislead.",
      "basis": "the two composite indices, computed over every scored English-medium book",
      "walk": "The two indices pull in opposite directions, and the same board sits at opposite ends of each. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa records the highest religious saturation of the scored boards — yet its Pakistan Studies names its own generals' overreach, prints the 1971 prisoner figure and treats Kargil as a loss of face. Punjab measures less religious on the same scale and is simultaneously more closed, more militarised and more hostile toward Hindus and India. Whichever single ranking you build, one of those two facts has to be suppressed to make it work — which is the argument for not building one."
    },
    {
      "id": "vintage-not-province",
      "cat": "Method",
      "title": "What divides these curricula most is the decade the book was written in",
      "claim": "Four curriculum generations are in print at once. Because Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa share one, they have converged: in Islamiyat at classes 6 and 7 they run what is effectively the same book — same chapters, same memorisation selections, same four historical figures in the same order — and in four science subjects their chapter lists match down to section headings.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Islamiyat 6 (Urdu medium), 2006-curriculum reprint edition — PDF p. 51",
      "boards": [
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-islamiyat-6-ur:A6"
      ],
      "books": [
        "kptbb-islamiyat-6-ur"
      ],
      "walk": "Put KP's Islamiyat 6 beside Sindh's and the resemblance is not thematic, it is structural: the same memorisation trio, the same seerah sequence, the same four historical figures in the same order, with KP's lesson sitting at pp. 51–53. The same holds in four science subjects, where the chapter lists match down to section headings. Neither board copied the other. They are both printing the 2006 national curriculum, and that shared parentage explains more of the distance between boards than the provincial boundary does."
    },
    {
      "id": "punjab-newest-most-closed",
      "cat": "Method",
      "title": "Punjab runs the newest textbooks in the country and the most closed narrative in them",
      "claim": "Punjab's higher narrative closure survives three vintage-matched comparisons, so it is not an artefact of old books awaiting revision. The boards' older books converge; it is Punjab's recent revision that diverges upward — and Punjab has since reissued class 10 again under a 2026 syllabus.",
      "cite": "Punjab History 8, 2022-23 edition — printed p. 20; Punjab History 8, 2022-23 edition; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 9, printed 2024-25 edition — PDF p. 95",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-history-8-en:A6",
        "pctb-history-8-en:A5",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6"
      ],
      "books": [
        "pctb-history-8-en",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en"
      ],
      "walk": "The obvious explanation — old books awaiting revision — predicts that the most closed narrative should be the oldest. It is not. Punjab's History 8, a 2022 book, carries collective disposition past 1947: “Hindu-Muslim unity… could not be successful due to the negative attitude of Hindus” (p. 20), and its militarism section credits the armed forces “filled with the spirit of Jihad” and lists six named operations. Matched against KP's books of the same generation, the closure gap holds in all three comparisons. The boards' older books converge; it is Punjab's recent revision that moves upward — and class 10 has since been reissued again under a 2026 syllabus.",
      "citeDetail": "The matched pairs are Punjab History 8 vs KP History 8 (both 2022), closure 5 vs 3; Punjab Pakistan Studies 9 (2023) vs KP (2024–25), 5 vs 3; and the two boards’ older-generation books, which converge."
    },
    {
      "id": "sindh-harshest-claim-fails",
      "cat": "Method",
      "title": "The claim that Sindh's books are the harshest does not survive vintage control",
      "claim": "That claim rests on Sindh's jump from the pluralist end of the scale at class 7 to the hostile end at class 8 — but that is a 2015 provincial book sitting beside an early-2000s federal reprint, not a provincial position. Matched at either generation, the ordering reverses.",
      "cite": "Sindh Social Studies 7 (2015 provincial edition) against Sindh Social Studies 8 (early-2000s federal reprint)",
      "boards": [
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "basis": "a vintage-controlled comparison of Sindh Social Studies 7 and 8",
      "walk": "The claim that Sindh is the harshest board rests on one jump: its class 7 sits at the pluralist end and its class 8 at the hostile end. But those two books are not comparable. Class 7 is a 2015 provincial commission; class 8 is an early-2000s federal reprint the board never rewrote. Hold the generation fixed and compare like with like, and the ordering reverses. This is the clearest case in the study of a provincial verdict that is really an artefact of edition dates."
    },
    {
      "id": "civics-sindh-monopoly",
      "cat": "Civics",
      "title": "Only one board teaches citizenship as a practice",
      "claim": "Sindh teaches government, local government, elections and the media in a democracy at class 6, then the 1973 Constitution, the UDHR, the CRC and civil society at class 7. It is the only board to state civilian control of the armed forces, to teach protest and boycott as legitimate citizen action, and to tell a pupil the voting age and how to register.",
      "quote": "The basic role of civil society is to limit and control the power of the state.",
      "cite": "Sindh Social Studies 7, 2017 edition — PDF p. 40; Sindh Social Studies 6, 2016 edition; Sindh Social Studies 8, ~2020-21 reprint edition",
      "boards": [
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Punjab's split of Social Studies into separate History and Geography books eliminated citizenship education from the middle school entirely — but the split is not the cause: KP's own 2022–23 books score identically and KP never split.",
      "books": [
        "stbb-social-studies-7-en",
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en",
        "stbb-social-studies-8-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "stbb-social-studies-7-en:A2",
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en:A2",
        "stbb-social-studies-8-en:A2"
      ],
      "walk": "Sindh's Social Studies 7 gives roughly a sixth of the book to citizenship — Unit 2 at pp. 40–63 plus pp. 165–172 — covering the 1973 Constitution, separation of powers, Dicey on the rule of law, the UDHR, the CRC, Article 25-A, and civil society as a means “to limit and control the power of the state”, then asks pupils to audit whether their own rights are met. Class 6 sets it up at 3.7 civic tokens per thousand words. Then it stops: by class 8 that civics has gone, the constitutional references are all colonial history, and “human rights” returns zero hits. No other board teaches it at all.",
      "citeDetail": "The civilian-control-of-the-armed-forces statement is at printed p. 60 of Social Studies 7."
    },
    {
      "id": "evaluate-your-government",
      "cat": "Civics",
      "title": "One board asks pupils to judge their own government",
      "claim": "Sindh's assessment demands evaluation where other boards demand reproduction: pupils are asked to rate how well the current government is fulfilling its purpose, and to critically evaluate the state of human rights in Pakistan. This is the corpus's strongest counter-case to the assessment-demand argument, and it shows the pattern elsewhere is a choice rather than a necessity.",
      "cite": "Sindh Social Studies 7, 2017 edition — PDF p. 40; Sindh Social Studies 6, 2016 edition",
      "boards": [
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "books": [
        "stbb-social-studies-7-en",
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "stbb-social-studies-7-en:A2",
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en:A2"
      ],
      "walk": "The demand is unusual because of its object. Sindh's Social Studies 7 asks pupils to rate how well the current government is fulfilling its purpose, and to evaluate critically the state of human rights in Pakistan — questions about the government the pupil actually lives under, set inside the constitutional unit at pp. 40–63. Class 6 already runs substantial civic content at 3.7 tokens per thousand. This is the study's strongest counter-case to its own assessment-demand argument: what other boards do is a choice, not a constraint, because one board does otherwise on the same shelf."
    },
    {
      "id": "jihad-doctrine-vs-homework",
      "cat": "Assessment",
      "title": "Restraint doctrine and martyr veneration on the same printed page",
      "claim": "Punjab's class-9 Islamiyat teaches a deliberately narrow conception of jihad — defensive, a state monopoly, framed by the 2018 Paigham-e-Pakistan counter-terrorism declaration and distinguished from fasad fil-ard. The activities block on that same printed page directs pupils to write the names and deeds of Nishan-e-Haider recipients in their diaries.",
      "cite": "Punjab Islamiyat 9 (Urdu medium), 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 113",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Verified by rendering the printed page as an image and reading it directly, because Nastaliq OCR is not reliable enough to quote. The book is Urdu-medium and is therefore described, not quoted.",
      "books": [
        "pctb-islamiyat-9-ur"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-islamiyat-9-ur:A5"
      ],
      "walk": "The lesson itself is narrow and deliberate. At pp. 113–116 the learning outcomes require pupils to distinguish jihad fi sabilillah from fasad fil-ard, glossed as terrorism, and to do so “in the light of Paigham-e-Pakistan” — the 2018 counter-terrorism declaration. The doctrine taught is defensive and a state monopoly. Then the activities block on that same printed page directs pupils to write the names and deeds of Nishan-e-Haider recipients into their diaries. The lesson argues restraint; the homework rehearses valour.",
      "citeDetail": "The jihad lesson is printed pp. 111–114 in the book’s own folios, which is PDF pp. 113–116."
    },
    {
      "id": "martyrdom-at-eleven",
      "cat": "Militarism",
      "title": "Military martyrdom enters at class 6, in two languages at once",
      "claim": "Punjab is the only board that puts military martyrdom in an English reader, and its class-6 reader carries three separate martial texts. The same Nishan-e-Haider roll appears in its Urdu reader in the same year — the board is redundant across media at age eleven. Punjab's militarism peaks at the start and falls steadily to matriculation, which is the opposite of the usual assumption that this material arrives as pupils get older.",
      "cite": "Punjab English 6, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 43; Punjab Urdu 6 (Urdu medium), 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 55; Punjab English 7, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 21; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa English 9, 2006-curriculum reprint edition; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa English 6, 2006-curriculum reprint edition; Sindh English 9, portal-listed edition — PDF p. 145; Sindh English 6, portal-listed edition; Federal English 9, NBF printing edition",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-english-6-en:A5",
        "pctb-urdu-6-ur:A5",
        "pctb-english-7-en:A5",
        "kptbb-english-9-en:A5",
        "kptbb-english-6-en:A5",
        "stbb-english-9-en:A5",
        "stbb-english-6-en:A5",
        "fbise-english-9-en:A5"
      ],
      "books": [
        "pctb-english-6-en",
        "pctb-urdu-6-ur",
        "pctb-english-7-en",
        "kptbb-english-9-en",
        "kptbb-english-6-en",
        "stbb-english-9-en",
        "stbb-english-6-en",
        "fbise-english-9-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Punjab's English 6 puts it in front of a child three times over. Unit 4 is Major Shabbir Sharif Shaheed, who “embraced martyrdom… awarded him with the Nishan-e-Haider” (p. 43); Unit 11 is A Poem by a Soldier; and the model essay used to teach essay structure is Rashid Minhas Shaheed (p. 120). The aspiration is made explicit in a dialogue drill — “I want to be a soldier when I grow up… Pakistan Army is the best army in the world” — and a review question asks, “Why should we not cry over the death of a soldier?” The Urdu reader of the same year names eleven Nishan-e-Haider recipients at pp. 55–59 and sets an exercise to write one up. Class 7 then repeats it with two full biographies. Now the comparison: KP's English 6 has zero martial content — its only “army” is a grammar drill — and no Nishan-e-Haider appears in any KP English book from class 6 to 9. Sindh's English 6 has none either, and the single Nishan-e-Haider in Sindh's whole corpus is a wrong-answer distractor. The Federal Board's English 9 returns zero martial tokens across 44,960 words. One board out of five made this choice. The age pattern is the second surprise: Punjab's militarism score is highest at class 6 (3.5) and falls every year to 1.5 at class 10, so the material is front-loaded onto the youngest pupils rather than saved for older ones. Sindh stays flat near 1.2 throughout and the Federal Board near 1.1. Balochistan is the one board that moves the other way, rising from 1.3 at class 6 to 2.5 at class 10.",
      "note": "An earlier version of this finding said the class-6 reader carried martial content twice and that militarism rises with age in no board. Both were understatements of the record: the reader carries three martial texts, and Balochistan's militarism does rise across the classes. Corrected 23 August 2026.",
      "citeDetail": "In the Urdu reader the lesson is Lesson 9, “Defence Day of Pakistan”, at printed p. 57 — PDF p. 55 in the scan."
    },
    {
      "id": "nishan-e-haider-absent-kp-english",
      "cat": "Militarism",
      "title": "KP's English readers contain no martyr, no war narrative and no Nishan-e-Haider",
      "claim": "KP's entire martial load sits in its Urdu reader and stops after class 8. Its English-medium pupils never meet it. Sindh has no military martyr anywhere in its corpus; its only shaheed is a civilian doctor.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa English 9, 2006-curriculum reprint edition; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Urdu 8 (Urdu medium), 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 33; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Urdu 7 (Urdu medium), 2006-curriculum reprint edition — PDF p. 14; Sindh Urdu 8 (Urdu medium), portal-listed edition — PDF p. 28; Sindh English 9, portal-listed edition — PDF p. 145",
      "boards": [
        "KPTBB",
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "medium",
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-english-9-en:A5",
        "kptbb-urdu-8-ur:A5",
        "kptbb-urdu-7-ur:A5",
        "stbb-urdu-8-ur:A5",
        "stbb-english-9-en:A5"
      ],
      "books": [
        "kptbb-english-9-en",
        "kptbb-urdu-8-ur",
        "kptbb-urdu-7-ur",
        "stbb-urdu-8-ur",
        "stbb-english-9-en"
      ],
      "walk": "KP does teach martyrdom, but only in one medium and only for a while. Its Urdu 7 runs two consecutive martyrdom lessons at units 3–4, and Urdu 8 carries a Kargil narrative — the body recovered from Indian forces, the rifle still in his grip, the Nishan-e-Haider awarded. Then it stops. The English shelf never carries any of it: KP's English 9 offers The Fantastic Shoemaker, a Peshawar artisan, as its role model, and no Nishan-e-Haider occurs in any KP English book across four years. Sindh goes further still — its only shaheed anywhere is Hakim Muhammad Said, a civilian doctor assassinated in 1998. Which language a child is taught in decides whether they meet this material at all."
    },
    {
      "id": "two-nation-outruns-syllabus",
      "cat": "History",
      "title": "A theme can outrun its own syllabus",
      "claim": "Punjab's English reader delivers the Two-Nation Theory a year before the History syllabus reaches it, asking pupils at class 7 to explain how the author justifies that Hindus and Muslims were two nations. Across three passes the claim degrades from argued, to stipulated, to eternal.",
      "cite": "Punjab English 7, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 41; Punjab History 8, 2022-23 edition — printed p. 20",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Punjab's own books disagree about its origin one year apart — History 8 credits Sir Syed, Pakistan Studies 9 dates it to the arrival of Muslims — and neither flags it as contested.",
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-english-7-en:A6",
        "pctb-history-8-en:A6"
      ],
      "books": [
        "pctb-english-7-en",
        "pctb-history-8-en"
      ],
      "walk": "The reader gets there first. In Punjab's English 7 every one of the fifteen “Hindu” mentions sits inside the Quaid-e-Azam unit's Two-Nation exposition (p. 41), and the pupil is asked to explain how the author justifies that Hindus and Muslims were two nations — a year before the History syllabus reaches the topic. By History 8 the claim has hardened into disposition: unity failed “due to the negative attitude of Hindus” (p. 20). By Pakistan Studies 9 it is no longer argued at all but dated to the arrival of Muslims. Argued, then stipulated, then eternal — and Punjab's own two books disagree about its origin one year apart, with neither flagging it as contested.",
      "citeDetail": "The class-7 exercise is at printed p. 40, PDF p. 41."
    },
    {
      "id": "partition-violence-absent",
      "cat": "Silences",
      "title": "Partition violence is absent from every book in the study",
      "claim": "No massacres, no trains, no abductions, in any direction, in any board. Migration appears as a logistical and rehabilitation challenge.",
      "cite": "A corpus-wide search of every history and social-studies volume for the vocabulary of 1947 violence",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "basis": "a corpus-wide search for massacre, train, abduction and recovery vocabulary",
      "walk": "Search every history and social-studies volume in the corpus for the vocabulary of 1947 — massacre, convoy, train, abduction, recovery — and it is not there, in any direction, in any board. What remains is migration as an administrative event: numbers arriving, camps, rehabilitation, resettlement. No board blames the other community for killings, which also means no board records its own. The silence is symmetrical, and it is the largest single omission the study found."
    },
    {
      "id": "no-economic-critique-colonialism",
      "cat": "Silences",
      "title": "No board offers an economic critique of colonialism — or the opposing case",
      "claim": "No drain of wealth, no famine, no de-industrialisation; and equally no British-modernisation counter-narrative. The colonial economy is simply not a topic.",
      "cite": "A corpus-wide search of the colonial-economy vocabulary across every history and social-studies volume",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "basis": "a corpus-wide search of the colonial-economy vocabulary",
      "walk": "There is no drain of wealth, no famine, no de-industrialisation anywhere in the corpus — and, just as notably, no British-modernisation counter-narrative either: no railways-and-canals case, no rule-of-law case. Colonial rule is present throughout as a political and constitutional story, and absent entirely as an economic one. Both the nationalist and the imperial economic arguments are missing together, which suggests the topic was never on the syllabus rather than that a side was taken."
    },
    {
      "id": "no-board-teaches-own-province",
      "cat": "Silences",
      "title": "No board teaches its own province's history",
      "claim": "No Sikh-era or colonial Punjab in the Punjab books. No 1843 annexation, no Talpurs, not even the Indus Valley as a topic in Sindh's Social Studies 7 and 8. No Bacha Khan, no Khudai Khidmatgars and no Qissa Khwani in KP's class-8 History.",
      "cite": "The chapter lists of every history and social-studies volume in the corpus",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "The KP absence rests partly on Urdu OCR and is recorded as not established rather than absent.",
      "basis": "the chapter lists of every history and social-studies book in the corpus",
      "walk": "Each board omits the history of the province it serves. Punjab's books contain no Sikh-era or colonial Punjab. Sindh's Social Studies 7 and 8 do not treat the 1843 annexation or the Talpurs — and do not even carry the Indus Valley as a topic, though it lies within the province. KP's class-8 History has no Bacha Khan, no Khudai Khidmatgars, no Qissa Khwani. The national story crowds out the local one everywhere, with the same shape in every province. The KP portion rests partly on Urdu OCR and is recorded as not established rather than as proven absent."
    },
    {
      "id": "inquiry-collapses-at-matric",
      "cat": "Inquiry",
      "title": "The habit of treating a question as open collapses at matriculation",
      "claim": "In every board, regardless of curriculum generation, inquiry apparatus falls away at classes 9 and 10 — precisely when pupils are old enough to handle contested questions.",
      "cite": "Punjab History 8, 2022-23 edition; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 9, printed 2024-25 edition — PDF p. 12",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-history-8-en:A3",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A3"
      ],
      "books": [
        "pctb-history-8-en",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Punjab's History 8 contains no occurrence of “primary source” or “secondary source” at all, and what look like inquiry verbs turn out to be stipulated-conclusion prompts — “Generate a class discussion/debate to conclude the reason behind the Two-Nation Theory”. KP's Pakistan Studies 9 has zero source vocabulary and two inquiry-verb hits in 26,000 words. The apparatus thins exactly as pupils become old enough to use it. This finding has since been narrowed by a later one: openness at class 10 is not absent but allocated away from national questions, and the correction is set out in “Openness is allocated, not absent”."
    },
    {
      "id": "minorities-shared-norm",
      "cat": "Othering",
      "title": "Pakistani religious minorities are the one out-group every board treats in the pluralist half",
      "claim": "On minorities within Pakistan, all boards sit at the tolerant end — the clearest shared positive norm the study found. The West is not an out-group at all: Britain functions as a purely historical adversary.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 9, printed 2024-25 edition — PDF p. 95; Punjab History 8, 2022-23 edition — printed p. 20; Punjab Pakistan Studies 9, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 18",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6",
        "pctb-history-8-en:A6",
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6"
      ],
      "books": [
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
        "pctb-history-8-en",
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en"
      ],
      "walk": "This is the corpus's clearest shared positive norm, and it holds even in the harshest books. KP's Pakistan Studies 9 — the same volume with a section on Hindu teachers — runs a heading “6. EQUAL RIGHTS OF MINORITIES” at p. 11. Punjab's History 8 gives two full pages with photographs to “Role of Minorities in the Establishment of Pakistan” (pp. 68–69), and its Pakistan Studies 9 states that “All the minorities living in Pakistan shall be fully protected” (p. 8). Britain, meanwhile, is a purely historical adversary and the West is not an out-group at all. Hostility in these books is directed outward at India, not inward at Pakistani minorities."
    },
    {
      "id": "punjab-hostile-and-inclusive",
      "cat": "Othering",
      "title": "One board is simultaneously the most hostile and among the most inclusive",
      "claim": "Punjab scores highest on hostility toward Hindus and India, and among the lowest on hostility toward Pakistani religious minorities. Its Pakistan Studies 9 and 10 are consecutive volumes of a single course scoring at opposite ends of the scale. The pluralism is real but compartmentalised into the citizenship slot; it never reaches the historical narrative.",
      "cite": "Punjab Pakistan Studies 9, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 18; Punjab History 8, 2022-23 edition — printed p. 20; Punjab English 6, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 42",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6",
        "pctb-history-8-en:A6",
        "pctb-english-6-en:A6"
      ],
      "books": [
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
        "pctb-history-8-en",
        "pctb-english-6-en"
      ],
      "walk": "The same board holds both positions at once, and they never meet. In Punjab's Pakistan Studies 9 the historical narrative runs hard — “Hindus are not our friends” keyed as a correct answer (p. 18), “India succeeded in its nefarious designs” (p. 56) — and its History 8 carries the same disposition (p. 20). Even the class-6 English reader supplies “enemy” ten times over, all inside the martyr material. Yet the citizenship sections of the very next volume are among the most inclusive in the corpus. Pakistan Studies 9 and 10 are consecutive volumes of one course scoring at opposite ends of the scale: the pluralism is real, but it is compartmentalised into the civics slot and never reaches the history."
    },
    {
      "id": "sati-absent-today",
      "cat": "Othering",
      "title": "The sati parallel is not in today's textbooks — but was documented in the 1990s",
      "claim": "Across all 112 scored books there are zero genuine occurrences of sati. No book attributes female infanticide to India or Hindus; every \"buried alive\" in the corpus has Arabia as its subject. But a 1995 Punjab textbook, quoted in published scholarship, stated that \"The religion of the Hindus did not teach them good things — Hindus did not respect women.\"",
      "cite": "A corpus-wide search across all 112 scored books; and A.H. Nayyar & Ahmed Salim (eds), The Subtle Subversion (SDPI, 2003)",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB",
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "A frame present in the 1990s and absent now is a finding about curricular change, and it is why the historical layer matters.",
      "basis": "a corpus-wide search across all scored books",
      "walk": "Search all 112 scored books and there are zero genuine occurrences of sati. No book attributes female infanticide to India or to Hindus; every “buried alive” in the corpus has pre-Islamic Arabia as its subject. That matters because the frame did exist: a 1995 Punjab textbook, quoted in published scholarship, taught that “The religion of the Hindus did not teach them good things — Hindus did not respect women.” Something present in the 1990s and gone now is a finding about curricular change, and it is the reason this project keeps a historical layer at all.",
      "secondary": "A.H. Nayyar & Ahmed Salim (eds), <em>The Subtle Subversion: The State of Curricula and Textbooks in Pakistan</em> (Islamabad: SDPI, 2003)."
    },
    {
      "id": "rescue-template-europe",
      "cat": "Othering",
      "title": "The rescue-from-ignorance template is examined — with Europe as its named beneficiary",
      "claim": "Sindh's Islamiyat applies the full rescue-from-darkness template to a named region, with a keyed multiple-choice question. The region is Europe, not India. The template is portable and assessed; its named target is simply not the subcontinent.",
      "cite": "Sindh Textbook Board, Islamiyat 6, pp. 96–97",
      "boards": [
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "books": [
        "stbb-islamiyat-6-en"
      ],
      "quote": "Besides this, before the arrival of Muslims in Europe, the people of Europe were in darkness and ignorance. The Muslims spread a network of modern sciences, research and institutions for them and introduced them to medicine, astronomy, chemistry and many other modern sciences.",
      "counter": "The same lesson's keyed multiple choice puts it on the exam: “Before the arrival of Muslims, the people of Europe were: (A) highly educated (B) in ignorance (C) civilized (D) under developing” — printed p. 97.",
      "walk": "The template is intact — a people in darkness, a Muslim arrival, sciences and institutions brought to them — and it is applied to a named region. That region is Europe. Sindh's Islamiyat 6 teaches that before the Muslims came “the people of Europe were in darkness and ignorance”, then lists the medicine, astronomy and chemistry introduced to them. The lesson closes by examining it: a keyed multiple-choice question at printed p. 97 offers “(A) highly educated (B) in ignorance (C) civilized (D) under developing”. The structure is portable and it is assessed. Its named beneficiary is simply not the subcontinent.",
      "citeDetail": "Sindh Textbook Board, Islamiyat 6, PDF pp. 96–97 — the narrative on the first page, the keyed multiple-choice item on the second."
    },
    {
      "id": "ram-mohan-roy-deleted",
      "cat": "Othering",
      "title": "The man who campaigned against sati appears only as an enemy of Muslims",
      "claim": "Raja Ram Mohan Roy — the reformer most associated with the abolition of sati — appears in Punjab's Pakistan Studies 9 solely as someone who \"used to speak against Muslims out of Muslim hostility\". The reform programme is not refuted; it is deleted.",
      "cite": "Punjab Pakistan Studies 9, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 18",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "books": [
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A6"
      ],
      "walk": "Raja Ram Mohan Roy is the reformer most associated with the abolition of sati. In Punjab's Pakistan Studies 9 he appears once, as a man who “used to speak against Muslims out of Muslim hostility” — inside the same chapter that keys “Hindus are not our friends” as a correct answer (p. 18). His reform programme is never stated and therefore never refuted. This is the mechanism worth noticing: the book does not argue against the reform, it removes the reformer's reason for being in the story.",
      "citeDetail": "The Ram Mohan Roy sentence is at PDF p. 4; the evidence record below is the same book’s headline record for this axis and covers a different passage."
    },
    {
      "id": "iconoclasm-not-asserted",
      "cat": "Othering",
      "title": "The idol-breaking chain is never asserted — but Punjab places the materials side by side",
      "claim": "No board explicitly links the idolaters of Makkah to Hindu practice. Punjab's History 6 does place a reductive account of Vedic worship and the Prophet's destruction of the Kaaba idols in consecutive chapters at age eleven, but reserves the words \"idols\", \"false gods\" and \"infidels\" strictly for Makkah. The tightest vocabulary link in the corpus is in Sindh — the board that scores most secular overall.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa History 6 (Urdu medium), 2021-22 edition — PDF p. 34",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "No English-medium textbook in the corpus narrates the destruction of a single temple in Hindustan.",
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-history-6-ur:A6"
      ],
      "books": [
        "kptbb-history-6-ur"
      ],
      "walk": "The link a reader might expect is not made: no board tells pupils that the idolaters of Makkah resemble Hindu practice. Punjab's History 6 comes closest by adjacency — a reductive account of Vedic worship sits in the chapter before the destruction of the Kaaba idols, at age eleven — but it reserves “idols”, “false gods” and “infidels” strictly for Makkah, and never names Hinduism. KP's History 6 does the opposite, describing each religion sympathetically with its festivals and setting them in a comparative table (pp. 34–35). No English-medium book in the corpus narrates the destruction of a single temple in Hindustan. The tightest vocabulary link that does exist is in Sindh — the board scoring most secular overall."
    },
    {
      "id": "muslim-scientists-relocated",
      "cat": "Content",
      "title": "Punjab did not delete Muslim-scientist content — it moved it out of science",
      "claim": "Punjab's six science books and eight readers contain no Muslim-scientist material at all, where Sindh and KP carry it across seven or eight books each. But the strand survives in Punjab's History 7, in a section on the Golden Age of Islam. It changed subject, not curriculum.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa General Science 6, 2006-curriculum reprint edition — PDF p. 120; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chemistry 9, 2019-20 edition — PDF p. 7; Sindh Social Studies 7, 2017 edition — PDF p. 34",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "This corrects an earlier reading in this project that Punjab had dropped the strand outright.",
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-general-science-6-en:A1",
        "kptbb-chemistry-9-en:A1",
        "stbb-social-studies-7-en:A1"
      ],
      "books": [
        "kptbb-general-science-6-en",
        "kptbb-chemistry-9-en",
        "stbb-social-studies-7-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Punjab's six science books and eight readers carry no Muslim-scientist material at all, where KP and Sindh spread it across seven or eight books each: KP's General Science 6 credits “A muslim scientist Al-Haithem invented the pinhole camera” (p. 120), its Chemistry 9 gives pp. 6–8 to the “Muslim Period 600–1600 AD”, and Sindh's Social Studies 7 sets a poster activity on Muslim scientists (p. 34). But Punjab has not dropped the strand — it moved. The material survives in History 7, inside a section on the Golden Age of Islam. It changed subject, not curriculum, and this corrects an earlier reading by this project that Punjab had abandoned it."
    },
    {
      "id": "quranic-science-aligned",
      "cat": "Religion",
      "title": "The most aligned feature across all boards is a Quranic passage in the biology book",
      "claim": "Every Biology 9 book in the study opens with a Quranic section quoting the same two verses. It is curriculum-mandated, all boards comply, and it survived Punjab's complete rewrite. Only KP extends scripture into physics.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Physics 9, 2006-curriculum reprint edition — PDF p. 4",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-physics-9-en:A1"
      ],
      "books": [
        "kptbb-physics-9-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Every Biology 9 book in the study opens with a Quranic section quoting the same two verses. All boards comply, it is curriculum-mandated, and it survived Punjab's complete rewrite — which makes it one of the few things in the corpus that no vintage or province explains. KP alone carries it further: its Physics 9 heads Chapter 1 “QURAAN AND PHYSICS” (p. 4) and prints a full page of verses before any physics content, followed immediately by Islamic-world contributions and famous Pakistani physicists. Neither Punjab's nor Sindh's Physics 9 has any equivalent."
    },
    {
      "id": "kp-double-religious-load",
      "cat": "Religion",
      "title": "One board requires a second compulsory religious subject",
      "claim": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa requires both Islamiyat and a separate 245-page Quranic-studies volume at class 9 — 371 pages of compulsory religious instruction against Punjab's 170 and Sindh's 176, roughly twice either board.",
      "cite": "The compulsory class-9 religious volumes: KP 371 pp. across two books, Punjab 170 pp., Sindh 176 pp.",
      "boards": [
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "basis": "the page counts of the compulsory religious volumes at class 9",
      "walk": "At class 9 a KP pupil carries two compulsory religious volumes, not one: Islamiyat, plus a separate 245-page Quranic-studies book. That is 371 pages of required religious instruction against Punjab's 170 and Sindh's 176 — roughly double either board, before a single lesson is taught. The load is structural rather than tonal: it is a decision about how many pages the subject gets, made at the level of the scheme of studies."
    },
    {
      "id": "sindh-steepest-religious-climb",
      "cat": "Religion",
      "title": "The most secular books and the steepest climb belong to the same board",
      "claim": "Sindh's classes 6 and 7 are the most secular books anywhere in the corpus — its English readers contain no religious selection at all — and its class 9–10 Pakistan Studies is among the most religious. It climbs further between class 7 and class 10 than any other board.",
      "cite": "Sindh Physics 9, portal-listed edition; Sindh English 10, portal-listed edition; Sindh Pakistan Studies 10, 2023-24 edition — PDF p. 5; Sindh Islamiyat 9-10, portal-listed edition — PDF p. 34",
      "boards": [
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "evidence": [
        "stbb-physics-9-en:A1",
        "stbb-english-10-en:A1",
        "stbb-pakistan-studies-10-en:A1",
        "stbb-islamiyat-9-10-en:A1"
      ],
      "books": [
        "stbb-physics-9-en",
        "stbb-english-10-en",
        "stbb-pakistan-studies-10-en",
        "stbb-islamiyat-9-10-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Sindh holds both extremes. Its Physics 9 contains not one religious token in 223 pages and carries no bismillah — the most secular book in the entire corpus — and its English 10 is the most secular reader anywhere, at any class, on any board. Then the same board's Pakistan Studies 10 grounds the state in “the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah… a complete code of life” (p. 5), and its Islamiyat 9–10 teaches, from Al-Tawbah 33, that Muslims should “strive for the domination of the true religion. This is the religious duty of everyone” (p. 34). No board travels further between class 7 and class 10."
    },
    {
      "id": "sindh-class6-outlier",
      "cat": "Content",
      "title": "The strangest book in the corpus contains no Muslim-rule narrative at all",
      "claim": "Sindh's 232-page Social Studies 6 has no early Islam, no Muhammad bin Qasim, no Mughals, no colonial era, no Pakistan Movement and no 1947. History is about 12% of it; civics and economics together are about 40%. The only person given a biographical paragraph is Charles Darwin. Jinnah appears twice, both times as a date exercise. British rule is mentioned once — as a unifier.",
      "cite": "Sindh Social Studies 6, 2016 edition",
      "boards": [
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "books": [
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en:A1"
      ],
      "walk": "The list of what is missing is the finding. Sindh's 232-page Social Studies 6 has no early Islam, no Muhammad bin Qasim, no Mughals, no colonial era, no Pakistan Movement and no 1947. History is about 12% of the book; civics and economics together are about 40%. Jinnah appears twice, both times as a date exercise, and British rule is mentioned once — as a unifier. The only person given a biographical paragraph is Charles Darwin. At 0.3 religious tokens per thousand words across 56,516 words, it is close to secular for a subject that carries the social content.",
      "citeDetail": "Sindh Textbook Board, Social Studies 6 (Sindh Curriculum 2015), 232 pp."
    },
    {
      "id": "scripture-as-evidence",
      "cat": "Religion",
      "title": "The only verbatim Quranic verses in any English-medium book sit in a social studies chapter",
      "claim": "Sindh's Social Studies 6 presents creation and evolution as two coequal theories, quoting two Quranic verses with surah and verse citation as evidence, then presents natural selection straight on the following pages without resolving the contradiction. The stated learning outcome makes it curriculum-mandated.",
      "quote": "There are many theories about the origin of human life. Among them, two are most important. One is the theory about creation and the other is the theory of evolution. Both theories explain the origin of human life.",
      "cite": "Sindh Social Studies 6, 2016 edition",
      "boards": [
        "STBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "books": [
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "stbb-social-studies-6-en:A1"
      ],
      "walk": "The book sets creation and evolution side by side as two coequal theories, and supports the first by quoting two Quranic verses with surah and verse citation — scripture presented in the evidential slot. It then presents natural selection straight, over the following pages, without ever resolving the contradiction it has just created. The stated learning outcome makes this curriculum-mandated rather than an author's flourish. It sits inside a book that is otherwise near-secular, at 0.3 religious tokens per thousand words.",
      "citeDetail": "The creation-and-evolution material is at printed p. 6 of Social Studies 6."
    },
    {
      "id": "balochistan-official-portal",
      "cat": "Access",
      "title": "The board assumed to publish nothing is the only one that publishes everything",
      "claim": "Balochistan is the only one of the four boards running a working official portal that serves complete textbook PDFs. The confusion is a domain: btbb.gov.pk does not resolve, but btbb.com.pk hosts a 75-title catalogue. Punjab and KP serve no textbook PDFs from any official domain at all.",
      "cite": "The acquisition record for every book in the corpus",
      "boards": [
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "basis": "the acquisition record for every Balochistan book",
      "walk": "The obstacle turned out to be a domain, not a policy. btbb.gov.pk does not resolve at all, which is what most directories list and what makes Balochistan look like the least accessible board. Its actual portal, btbb.com.pk, serves a 75-title catalogue of complete textbook PDFs — the only working official source of its kind among the four provincial boards. Punjab and KP serve no textbook PDFs from any official domain, which is why so much of this corpus had to be assembled from elsewhere."
    },
    {
      "id": "balochistan-newest-curriculum",
      "cat": "Access",
      "title": "Balochistan is on a curriculum generation nobody else uses",
      "claim": "Balochistan publishes the federal National Curriculum Council \"Inclusive Scheme of Studies, Grade Pre I–XII, 2024\" as its own governing document — one generation past the Single National Curriculum. The board's hosted copy of that scheme contains zero occurrences of \"2006\", \"SNC\" or \"NCP\".",
      "cite": "The scheme of studies the board publishes, against the front matter of its 28 volumes",
      "boards": [
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Evidence is the scheme the board hosts, not an imprint page read from each textbook. Corrected: Balochistan's 28 books are now scored across all seven axes and appear in every board mean. Its 2024 vintage is the reason its comparisons with KP and Sindh are flagged confounded.",
      "basis": "the scheme of studies the board publishes, against the front matter of its books",
      "walk": "The board publishes the federal National Curriculum Council's “Inclusive Scheme of Studies, Grade Pre I–XII, 2024” as its own governing document — a generation past the Single National Curriculum — and that hosted copy contains zero occurrences of “2006”, “SNC” or “NCP”. On the board's own account, then, Balochistan runs the newest curriculum in the country. Reading the books themselves told a different story, and this finding was subsequently corrected; the correction is set out in “What the front matter actually says”."
    },
    {
      "id": "print-run-not-edition",
      "cat": "Method",
      "title": "A recent printing year is not a recent edition",
      "claim": "KP's Biology 9 is a 2018 book reprinted for academic year 2025–26; its Pakistan Studies 9 is a 2010-approved book printed for 2024–25. Mirror sites and even board listings routinely present print runs as new editions, which inflates how current a curriculum appears.",
      "cite": "The front matter and approval references of the KP volumes",
      "boards": [
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "basis": "the front matter and approval references of the KP books",
      "walk": "A date on a cover is not an edition. KP's Biology 9 is a 2018 book reprinted for academic year 2025–26, and its Pakistan Studies 9 is a 2010-approved book printed for 2024–25 — both of which will appear in a listing as current. Mirror sites, and sometimes board listings themselves, present the print run as the edition. The effect is to make a curriculum look far more recently revised than it is, which is exactly the error the vintage controls in this study exist to catch."
    },
    {
      "id": "examiner-would-fail-her",
      "cat": "Assessment",
      "title": "The compulsion was documented thirty years ago, from the examiner's side",
      "claim": "Writing in 1993 about the March 1989 Punjab Textbook Board reprints, the historian K.K. Aziz described a pupil being failed not for being wrong but for departing from the board's account. The mechanism this study observes in today's exercises was described a generation earlier.",
      "quote": "If the girl said in the examination script that the Aga Khan led the Simla Deputation, not Nawab Muhsin-ul-Mulk, the examiner would fail her, because the Punjab Textbook Board said it was Muhsin-ul-Mulk. The matter could not be debated.",
      "cite": "Punjab History 8, 2022-23 edition",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Cited as a secondary source quoting textbooks of that era, not as a book this project read directly.",
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-history-8-en:A3"
      ],
      "books": [
        "pctb-history-8-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Writing in 1993 about the March 1989 Punjab Textbook Board reprints, the historian K.K. Aziz described a pupil failed not for being wrong but for departing from the board's account. The mechanism is visible in today's books: Punjab's History 8 contains no occurrence of “primary source” or “secondary source”, and its inquiry verbs are stipulated-conclusion prompts — a debate staged “to conclude the reason behind the Two-Nation Theory”. What Aziz described a generation ago is what this study measures now. His account is cited as a secondary source quoting the textbooks of that era, not as a book this project read directly.",
      "secondary": "K.K. Aziz, <em>The Murder of History: A Critique of History Textbooks Used in Pakistan</em> (Lahore: Vanguard, 1993), p. 189. Cited as a secondary source quoting textbooks of that era, not as a book this project read directly."
    },
    {
      "id": "jihad-was-an-objective",
      "cat": "Assessment",
      "title": "\"Aspiration for Jehad\" was once a stated curriculum objective",
      "claim": "The curriculum documents behind the 1980s and 1990s textbooks stated the aim explicitly. A 1995 primary curriculum went further and forbade the Ideology of Pakistan from being debated at all — the purest possible statement of assessment as compulsion.",
      "quote": "The Ideology of Pakistan be presented as an accepted reality, and be never subjected to discussion or dispute.",
      "cite": "Primary Curriculum, 1995, p. 41, as quoted in A.H. Nayyar & Ahmed Salim (eds), The Subtle Subversion (SDPI, 2003)",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "The 1984 Social Studies curriculum for classes VI–VIII listed \"Concept: Jehad; Affective objective: Aspiration for Jehad\"; the 1986 Urdu curriculum required that a pupil \"must create yearning for Jehad in his heart\".",
      "basis": "published curriculum documents, quoted in the secondary literature",
      "walk": "It was not an inference then either — the curriculum documents said so. The 1984 Social Studies curriculum for classes VI–VIII listed “Concept: Jehad” with the affective objective “Aspiration for Jehad”, and the 1986 Urdu curriculum required that a pupil “must create yearning for Jehad”. A 1995 primary curriculum went further and forbade the Ideology of Pakistan from being debated at all. That is the purest statement of assessment as compulsion available anywhere in this material, and it is written in the state's own planning documents rather than inferred from a textbook.",
      "secondary": "Primary Curriculum, 1995, p. 41; Social Studies curriculum for classes VI–VIII, 1984; Urdu curriculum, 1986 — all as quoted in A.H. Nayyar & Ahmed Salim (eds), <em>The Subtle Subversion</em> (Islamabad: SDPI, 2003)."
    },
    {
      "id": "kp-ps10-availability-without-demand",
      "cat": "Assessment",
      "title": "A book that tells the truth about martial law and never asks what you think of it",
      "claim": "KP's Pakistan Studies 10 narrates the 1970 election, the East Pakistan deadlock, the imposition of martial law, nationalisation, Islamisation and the Afghan Jihad — and contains zero evaluation verbs and zero open-opinion prompts in the entire volume. Its learning outcomes are Explain, Discuss, Identify, Comprehend and Analyse; its assessment is recall of dates. Content analysis would score this book as relatively open. Assessment analysis scores it closed.",
      "quote": "When was the nationalization of industries announced? A. 2th January 1972 B. 12th January 1972 C. 16th January 1972 D. 20th January 1972",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 10, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 7",
      "counter": "The same volume calls the 1973 document “a new constitution based on federal and parliamentary principles… For the first time in the country's history a bicameral” legislature (p. 13), and states plainly that in 1970 “the Awami League carried the day” in East Pakistan while the PPP won in the West (p. 8). The information is genuinely there; only the demand to judge it is missing.",
      "boards": [
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "This is the sharpest instance in the corpus of the divergence between what a book makes available and what it requires. It is the pattern the project's psychological analysis predicts should leave KP leavers factually well-informed and attitudinally unchanged.",
      "books": [
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-en",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-ur"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-en:A3"
      ],
      "walk": "The content is remarkably frank. KP's Pakistan Studies 10 narrates the 1970 election, the East Pakistan deadlock, the imposition of martial law, nationalisation, Islamisation and the Afghan Jihad — material several boards decline to touch. Then look at what it asks. Zero evaluation verbs and zero open-opinion prompts in the entire volume; learning outcomes are Explain, Discuss, Identify, Comprehend and Analyse (p. 7); and the assessment is date recall — “When was the nationalization of industries announced? A. 2th January 1972 B. 12th January 1972…” (p. 42). Analyse the content and this book scores open. Analyse the demand and it scores closed. It is the sharpest instance in the corpus of the gap between what a book makes available and what it requires.",
      "citeDetail": "The date-recall item quoted is at PDF p. 42."
    },
    {
      "id": "openness-is-allocated-not-absent",
      "cat": "Assessment",
      "title": "Pupils are asked for their opinion — just never about the nation",
      "claim": "This study previously reported that open inquiry collapses at matriculation. Completing the class-10 tier shows that is wrong as stated: Punjab's English 10 sets 22 open-opinion prompts, the most of any book in the corpus, and Sindh's sets 5. Every one of them is on a personal, scientific or literary topic — climate change, social media, space travel, a lottery win. The class-10 books that carry the national narrative set none at all. Openness is not absent at matriculation; it is allocated away from contested national questions.",
      "quote": "Do you think that climate change is our moral responsibility?",
      "cite": "Punjab English 10, 2026-27 edition — PDF p. 46; Sindh English 10, portal-listed edition — PDF p. 78; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa English 10, Test Edition, scan 2021 edition — PDF p. 55; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 10, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 7",
      "counter": "Sindh's English 10 asks “Do you think that social media is a good thing or a bad thing” (p. 78) and KP's asks “in your opinion, is the significance of the Masjid of Cordoba” (p. 55) — all three boards teach the form of holding an opinion. The restriction is in subject matter, not in pedagogy.",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Falsifiable: a single open-opinion prompt on a contested national question in any class-10 Pakistan Studies volume would refute it. This finding corrects an earlier, stronger claim by the project.",
      "books": [
        "pctb-english-10-en",
        "stbb-english-10-en",
        "kptbb-english-10-en",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-english-10-en:A3",
        "stbb-english-10-en:A3",
        "kptbb-english-10-en:A3",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-en:A3"
      ],
      "walk": "This finding corrects an earlier and stronger claim by this project. Punjab's English 10 sets 22 open-opinion prompts, more than any book in the corpus — “do you think that climate change is our moral responsibility” (p. 46). Sindh's English 10 adds 20 evaluation and 5 open prompts, including “Do you think that social media is a good thing or a bad thing” (p. 78). KP's English 10 sets 8 and 3. So open demand at matriculation plainly exists. But every one of those prompts is on a personal, scientific or literary topic, and the class-10 books carrying the national narrative set none at all — KP's Pakistan Studies 10 records zero of both. Openness is not absent at matriculation; it is allocated away from contested national questions. A single open prompt on a contested national question in any class-10 Pakistan Studies volume would refute this.",
      "citeDetail": "Punjab English 10’s climate-change prompt is at PDF p. 46."
    },
    {
      "id": "matriculation-science-is-secular",
      "cat": "Religion",
      "title": "Matriculation science is secular in every province",
      "claim": "Across eleven class-10 biology, chemistry and physics volumes from all four boards — roughly 530,000 words — religious framing is effectively absent, and five of the eleven contain zero religious tokens. This holds across three curriculum generations and all four provinces.",
      "cite": "Punjab Biology 10, 2026 edition; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Physics 10, scan 2021 edition; Balochistan Chemistry 10, NC 2006 edition",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB",
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "One of very few findings in this study that no vintage control disturbs. Whatever these curricula do elsewhere, they do not put religion into the matriculation science classroom.",
      "evidence": [
        "pctb-biology-10-en:A1",
        "kptbb-physics-10-en:A1",
        "btbb-chemistry-10-en:A1"
      ],
      "books": [
        "pctb-biology-10-en",
        "kptbb-physics-10-en",
        "btbb-chemistry-10-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Across eleven class-10 biology, chemistry and physics volumes — roughly 530,000 words from all four boards — religious framing is effectively absent, and five of the eleven contain none at all. Punjab's Biology 10 returns zero religious tokens across 31,566 words; KP's Physics 10 zero across 70,090; Balochistan's Chemistry 10 zero across 42,030. What makes this unusual is its stability: it holds across three curriculum generations and all four provinces, and no vintage control disturbs it. Whatever these curricula do elsewhere, they do not put religion into the matriculation science classroom."
    },
    {
      "id": "no-woman-scientist-matriculation",
      "cat": "Gender",
      "title": "Women scientists are named four times in the whole corpus — all of them by two boards",
      "claim": "Across eleven matriculation science volumes and roughly 530,000 words, a woman scientist is named four times, in three books, by two of the four boards. KP's Physics 10 names Marie Curie with her dates and credits Lise Meitner with the theoretical explanation of nuclear fission, printing her portrait. KP's Chemistry 9 names Madam Curie. Punjab's Physics 10 names Marie Curie once. Sindh and Balochistan name no woman scientist in any science volume, and none of the four boards names one below class 9.",
      "cite": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Physics 10, scan 2021 edition — PDF p. 244; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chemistry 10, 'New Edition', scan 2021 edition; Balochistan Physics 9, NC 2022-23 pilot edition; Punjab Physics 10, 2026 edition; Sindh Physics 10, portal-listed edition",
      "boards": [
        "PCTB",
        "STBB",
        "KPTBB",
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "CORRECTION. This finding previously stated that no woman scientist is named in any matriculation science book. That was false and was withdrawn on 23 August 2026 after a reader challenged it. The project's own records already carried an unresolved disagreement on this point — the synthesis said zero, the gender lens had located one — and the wrong side was repeated instead of resolved. Care was taken in the recount to separate Marie Curie the person from the curie unit of radioactivity and the Curie temperature, which account for most occurrences of the string in the corpus.",
      "quote": "explained theoretically in January 1939 [by] Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch",
      "counter": "KP is simultaneously the worst board in the corpus on aggregate gender conservatism (A7 4.44). The board that scores worst on women's presence and agency is the only one that credits a woman with a major discovery in her own right. Aggregate ratios cannot see this; the per-book tables can.",
      "books": [
        "kptbb-physics-10-en",
        "kptbb-chemistry-10-en",
        "btbb-physics-9-en",
        "pctb-physics-10-en",
        "stbb-physics-10-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "kptbb-physics-10-en:A7",
        "kptbb-chemistry-10-en:A7",
        "btbb-physics-9-en:A7",
        "pctb-physics-10-en:A7",
        "stbb-physics-10-en:A7"
      ],
      "walk": "This finding is a correction, and the corrected version is narrower and more interesting than the original. Across eleven matriculation science volumes and roughly 530,000 words, a woman scientist is named four times, in three books, by two of the four boards. KP's Physics 10 carries most of it: Marie Curie with her dates at p. 244, and Lise Meitner credited with the theoretical explanation of nuclear fission, with her portrait printed — the only book in the corpus naming two women scientists. KP's Chemistry 9 names Madam Curie; Punjab's Physics 10 names Marie Curie once. Against that: KP's Chemistry 10 has none across 55,101 words, and Balochistan's Physics 9 none across 69,911 — its only Curie is the Curie temperature, the constant rather than the person. Sindh and Balochistan name no woman scientist in any science volume, and no board names one below class 9.",
      "citeDetail": "Marie Curie is at PDF p. 252 and the Lise Meitner portrait is Figure 18.12 at PDF p. 253."
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-history8-admits-internal-fault",
      "cat": "History",
      "title": "The most self-critical textbook in the corpus is Balochistan's History 8",
      "claim": "Balochistan's History 8 assigns fault to Muslim actors for Muslim decline, rejects collective blame for 1857, records Hindu–Muslim joint action, and is openly critical of the Hijrat movement. It is the clearest instance of internal criticism found anywhere in the current corpus.",
      "quote": "To some extent, Muslims themselves were responsible for this decline, as they could not adjust to changing times",
      "cite": "Balochistan History 8, NC 2022-23 pilot edition — PDF p. 6",
      "counter": "The same board's Pakistan Studies 9, one year later, closes the narrative again: the divisions between Hindus and Muslims “involve the confrontation of two distinct social structures” (p. 8). A Balochistan pupil moving from class 8 to class 9 meets a narrowing, not a widening.",
      "boards": [
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "The book also calls followers of the Hijrat movement “simple-minded” (p. 54) and states that blaming Muslims alone for 1857 “was unjust” (p. 8).",
      "books": [
        "btbb-history-8-en",
        "btbb-history-8-ur"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "btbb-history-8-en:A6",
        "btbb-history-8-en:A1"
      ],
      "walk": "Balochistan's History 8 does something no other book in the current corpus does: it assigns fault inward. It records that “Muslims and Hindus had jointly participated in the War of Independence of 1857” (p. 6) and rejects collective blame outright — “both Hindus and Muslims had participated in the war and blaming Muslims alone was unjust” (p. 8). It calls the followers of the Hijrat movement “simple-minded” (p. 54). This is also the board's highest out-group volume at 15.7 tokens per thousand words, which is the point: the register is historical-political rather than essentialising, so volume alone would have misread it.",
      "citeDetail": "Balochistan Textbook Board, History 8 (NC 2022-23 pilot edition), PDF p. 6."
    },
    {
      "id": "justify-that-contested-propositions",
      "cat": "Inquiry",
      "title": "Justify that a punitive treaty was fair",
      "claim": "Balochistan carries the highest evaluation-verb density in the corpus — History 8 alone sets 32 — and almost no open-opinion demand. The verbs are attached to conclusions the pupil must reach, including propositions that are historically contested and one the book's own narrative treats as a grievance.",
      "quote": "Justify that the Treaty of Sevres is based on fair justice",
      "cite": "Balochistan History 8, NC 2022-23 pilot edition — PDF p. 5; Balochistan Pakistan Studies 9, NC 2022-23 pilot edition — PDF p. 7; Balochistan Physics 9, NC 2022-23 pilot edition",
      "counter": "The identical template is legitimate elsewhere in the same board's books: its Physics 9 sets “Justify that distance, speed, time, mass, energy and temperature are scalar quantities”, where the proposition is demonstrable. Its Geography 7 and 8 set genuinely open tasks. The form is only ideologically loaded when the proposition is contestable.",
      "boards": [
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "This is the study's control case for reading assessment verbs: vocabulary alone cannot distinguish inquiry from compelled assent.",
      "books": [
        "btbb-history-8-en",
        "btbb-pakistan-studies-9-en",
        "btbb-physics-9-en",
        "btbb-history-8-ur"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "btbb-history-8-en:A3",
        "btbb-pakistan-studies-9-en:A3",
        "btbb-physics-9-en:A3"
      ],
      "walk": "Balochistan has the highest evaluation-verb density in the corpus — History 8 alone sets 32 — which on a vocabulary count reads as the most inquiry-driven board in the study. Read the propositions and it inverts. “Justify that Aligarh can be considered the Oxford University for Muslims” (p. 5); “Justify that Jinnah can be truly claimed as the True Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity” (p. 44); and, most sharply, “Justify that the Treaty of Sevres is based on fair…” — a proposition the same book's narrative treats as a grievance. Pakistan Studies 9 asks pupils to “evaluate Pakistan's ideology with reference to the statements of Quaid Azam and Iqbal” (p. 7): the ideology is the fixed point and the founders are the evidence for it. The control is in the same board's Physics 9, where 21 identical “justify that” verbs attach to scalar quantities — legitimate, because there the proposition is demonstrable. The template is only loaded when the proposition is contestable.",
      "citeDetail": "The Treaty of Sèvres item is at PDF p. 32."
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-sciences-zero-religious-tokens",
      "cat": "Religion",
      "title": "Balochistan's science shelf contains no religious content at all",
      "claim": "Balochistan's General Science 6, General Science 7, Chemistry 9 and Chemistry 10 return zero religious tokens across a combined 188,923 words. The board is the most secular in the corpus on A1 (1.94), and the result is driven almost entirely by its sciences: eleven of its sixteen scored English-medium books score 1 or 2.",
      "cite": "Balochistan General Science 6, NC 2022-23 pilot edition; Balochistan General Science 7, NC 2022-23 pilot edition; Balochistan Chemistry 9, NC 2022-23 pilot edition; Balochistan Chemistry 10, NC 2006 edition",
      "counter": "The same board concentrates religion sharply elsewhere: its English 10 devotes a full unit of a language reader to the Prophet's life, with the pre-Islamic Arabia framing “Women were treated like animals. Ignorance ruled everywhere” (English 10, p. 9). Balochistan does not spread religion thinly; it concentrates it.",
      "boards": [
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Any claim that Balochistan's curriculum is uniformly religiously saturated is refuted by its own science shelf.",
      "evidence": [
        "btbb-general-science-6-en:A1",
        "btbb-general-science-7-en:A1",
        "btbb-chemistry-9-en:A1",
        "btbb-chemistry-10-en:A1"
      ],
      "books": [
        "btbb-general-science-6-en",
        "btbb-general-science-7-en",
        "btbb-chemistry-9-en",
        "btbb-chemistry-10-en"
      ],
      "walk": "Four Balochistan science books return zero religious tokens between them: General Science 6 across 39,309 words, General Science 7 across 42,589, Chemistry 9 across 64,995 and Chemistry 10 across 42,030 — 188,923 words with no bismillah framing, no providential causation, no scriptural epigraph. That shelf is what drives the board's position as the most secular in the corpus on religious saturation, at 1.94, with eleven of its sixteen scored English-medium books at 1 or 2. Any claim that Balochistan's curriculum is uniformly religiously saturated is refuted by its own science shelf."
    },
    {
      "id": "same-curriculum-different-books",
      "cat": "Method",
      "title": "Two boards, one curriculum document, materially different books",
      "claim": "Balochistan and KP both publish class-10 Pakistan Studies under National Curriculum 2006. Balochistan's teaches the 1973 Constitution as a live rights instrument guaranteeing minority rights, teaches local government with reserved seats for women and minorities, and narrates Benazir Bhutto's two terms as Prime Minister in substantive political detail. KP's ends constitution-making earlier and names no woman in government.",
      "quote": "guarantees the fundamental rights to all Pakistani citizens irrespective of their religion, ethnicity etc. The constitution also guarantees the rights of the minorities",
      "cite": "Balochistan Pakistan Studies 10, NC 2006 edition — PDF p. 11; Balochistan Pakistan Studies 10, NC 2006 edition — PDF p. 14; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Studies 10, 2022-23 edition — PDF p. 7",
      "boards": [
        "BTBB",
        "KPTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "This is the study's one properly vintage-matched board comparison. It cuts against the project's other major finding that vintage dominates province — on identical federal instructions, provincial choice still produced different books. Both results are real and they bound each other.",
      "books": [
        "btbb-pakistan-studies-10-en",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-en"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "btbb-pakistan-studies-10-en:A2",
        "btbb-pakistan-studies-10-en:A7",
        "kptbb-pakistan-studies-10-en:A3"
      ],
      "walk": "Balochistan and KP publish class-10 Pakistan Studies under the same National Curriculum 2006, which makes this the study's one properly vintage-matched board comparison. Balochistan teaches the 1973 Constitution as a live instrument — it “guarantees the fundamental rights to all Pakistani citizens irrespective of their religion, ethnicity… also guarantees the rights of the minorities” (p. 11) — teaches local government with reserved seats for women and minorities, and narrates Benazir Bhutto across two terms as Prime Minister in substantive political detail, with feminine tokens actually exceeding masculine. KP's volume ends constitution-making earlier, names no woman in government, and sets zero evaluation verbs. Identical federal instructions; the provincial choices diverge sharply — which cuts against this study's other main finding that vintage dominates province.",
      "citeDetail": "The Balochistan constitutional passage is at PDF p. 11."
    },
    {
      "id": "btbb-vintage-correction",
      "cat": "Method",
      "title": "Correction: Balochistan runs two curriculum generations, not one",
      "claim": "This project originally recorded Balochistan as running the federal NCC Inclusive Scheme of Studies 2024, the scheme the board publishes on its own website. Reading the front matter of all 28 volumes shows that phrase in none of them. Classes 6–9 are National Curriculum 2022-23 pilot editions; class 10 is National Curriculum 2006.",
      "quote": "developed by Textbook Board based on National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23 and is being printed as Pilot Edition for a period of one academic year",
      "cite": "Balochistan History 8, NC 2022-23 pilot edition — PDF p. 6",
      "boards": [
        "BTBB"
      ],
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "The board-level claim that Balochistan's books are the newest in the corpus is withdrawn. The correction improved the study: Balochistan became the only board supplying vintage-matched partners for both curriculum generations.",
      "books": [
        "btbb-history-8-en",
        "btbb-history-8-ur"
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "btbb-history-8-en:A1"
      ],
      "walk": "This project originally recorded Balochistan as running the federal Inclusive Scheme of Studies 2024, because that is the scheme the board publishes on its own website. Reading the front matter of all 28 volumes shows the phrase in none of them: classes 6–9 are National Curriculum 2022-23 pilot editions and class 10 is National Curriculum 2006. The board-level claim that Balochistan's books are the newest in the corpus is therefore withdrawn. The correction improved the study — running two generations at once makes Balochistan the only board supplying vintage-matched partners for both of the others, and so the best available control for separating era from province.",
      "citeDetail": "The evidence is the front matter of all 28 Balochistan volumes."
    }
  ],
  "library": [
    {
      "id": "nayyar-salim-2003",
      "authors": "A. H. Nayyar and Ahmad Salim (editors)",
      "year": "2003",
      "title": "The Subtle Subversion: The State of Curricula and Textbooks in Pakistan — Urdu, English, Social Studies and Civics",
      "publisher": "Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "The foundational study in this field, and the direct ancestor of this project. It read the national curriculum documents and textbooks together, and established the method of quoting curriculum objectives against the textbook passages written to satisfy them. Its central charges — insistence on an ideology of Pakistan, glorification of war, incitement against religious minorities, and omission of minority contributions — are the hypotheses the present corpus was assembled to re-test on the current books, more than twenty years on.",
      "bearing": "Sets the questions. Where this project's findings diverge from it, the divergence is itself a finding about curricular change."
    },
    {
      "id": "nayyar-2011",
      "authors": "A. H. Nayyar",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "Connecting the Dots: Education and Religious Discrimination in Pakistan — A Study of Public Schools and Madrassas",
      "publisher": "United States Commission on International Religious Freedom",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Extends the 2003 work to the provincial boards after the 18th Amendment devolved curriculum, and adds madrassa material. Useful here for its province-by-province treatment, which is the axis this project is organised on.",
      "bearing": "Closest predecessor for cross-province comparison."
    },
    {
      "id": "rosser-2003",
      "authors": "Yvette Claire Rosser",
      "year": "2003",
      "title": "Curriculum as Destiny: Forging National Identity in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh",
      "publisher": "PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin",
      "kind": "Thesis",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Comparative across three national curricula, which is the control this project cannot supply from inside Pakistan alone. Its argument that each state's textbooks are built around a founding grievance is the frame behind this project's narrative-closure axis (A4).",
      "bearing": "Supplies the regional comparison this corpus lacks."
    },
    {
      "id": "ahmad-2004",
      "authors": "Iftikhar Ahmad",
      "year": "2004",
      "title": "Islam, Democracy and Citizenship Education: An Examination of the Social Studies Curriculum in Pakistan",
      "publisher": "Current Issues in Comparative Education, Long Island University",
      "kind": "Journal article",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Traces the citizenship-education mission from the 1980s Islamisation policy forward, and sets out the competing liberal-democratic and theocratic reform agendas. Directly relevant to this project's civic-thickness axis (A2).",
      "bearing": "Historical context for the civics findings."
    },
    {
      "id": "ali-2008",
      "authors": "Nosheen Ali",
      "year": "2008",
      "title": "Outrageous State, Sectarianized Citizens: Deconstructing the 'Textbook Controversy' in the Northern Areas, Pakistan",
      "publisher": "South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, issue 2 (2008)",
      "kind": "Journal article",
      "url": "http://journals.openedition.org/samaj/1172",
      "doi": "10.4000/samaj.1172",
      "note": "A case study of what happens when a community rejects the textbooks it is given — the Gilgit-Baltistan curriculum dispute. It is the strongest available corrective to reading textbooks as if they were received passively, which is the central limitation of every content analysis including this one.",
      "bearing": "The counter-case to textbook determinism. Cited in the limits sections."
    },
    {
      "id": "ghazi-2011",
      "authors": "Safdar Rehman Ghazi, Gulap Shahzada and Ismail Khan",
      "year": "2011",
      "title": "Content Analysis of Textbooks of Social and Pakistan Studies for Religious Tolerance in Pakistan",
      "publisher": "Asian Social Science, volume 7 number 5",
      "kind": "Journal article",
      "url": null,
      "note": "A quantitative content analysis of the same subject family this project reads, published from a Pakistani university. Methodologically the nearest comparison to the lens scoring used here.",
      "bearing": "Method comparison for the religion and othering lenses."
    },
    {
      "id": "khan-2018",
      "authors": "Fatima Ebadat Khan",
      "year": "2018",
      "title": "Historical Revisionism in Pakistani Textbooks: A Case Study of Public School Curriculum",
      "publisher": "Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary & Allied Studies, volume 5 issue 8, pages 89–98",
      "kind": "Journal article",
      "doi": "10.19085/journal.sijmas050801",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Recent treatment of how the historical account is revised between editions — the question the historical layer of this catalogue exists to test.",
      "bearing": "Directly relevant to the historical layer."
    },
    {
      "id": "icg-2014",
      "authors": "International Crisis Group",
      "year": "2014",
      "title": "Education Reform in Pakistan",
      "publisher": "Asia Report No. 257, 23 June 2014",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Policy and political-economy framing: who controls curriculum after devolution, why reform stalls, and how provincial boards actually operate. The institutional background this project's content findings sit inside.",
      "bearing": "Explains the machinery that produces the books."
    },
    {
      "id": "kazi-1988",
      "authors": "Aftab A. Kazi",
      "year": "1988",
      "title": "Ethnic Nationalities, Education, and Problems of National Integration in Pakistan",
      "publisher": "Asian Profile, volume 16 number 2, pages 147–161",
      "kind": "Journal article",
      "url": null,
      "note": "The oldest study in this library, and roughly contemporaneous with the 1980s editions in the historical layer. Argues that curriculum was used as an instrument of national integration against ethnic-national identity — the question behind this project's provincial comparison.",
      "bearing": "Contemporary with the historical books; frames the province-versus-centre axis."
    },
    {
      "id": "aftab-2012",
      "authors": "Asma Aftab",
      "year": "2012",
      "title": "English Language Textbooks Evaluation in Pakistan",
      "publisher": "PhD thesis, University of Birmingham",
      "kind": "Thesis",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Book-length evaluation of the English readers specifically, including the curriculum-to-textbook production process. The most detailed treatment available of the subject this project covers in its English track.",
      "bearing": "Depth on the English readers."
    },
    {
      "id": "saigol-2003-ayub",
      "authors": "Rubina Saigol",
      "year": "2003",
      "title": "Becoming a Modern Nation: Educational Discourse in the Early Years of Ayub Khan (1958–64)",
      "publisher": "Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan",
      "kind": "Monograph",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Reads the education discourse of the first military government. Establishes that the framing this project measures in current books has a datable origin rather than being perennial.",
      "bearing": "Origin-dating for the national narrative."
    },
    {
      "id": "saigol-2003-enemies",
      "authors": "Rubina Saigol",
      "year": "2003",
      "title": "History, Social Studies and Civics and the Creation of Enemies",
      "publisher": "In S. Akbar Zaidi (editor), Social Science in Pakistan in the 1990s, Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan",
      "kind": "Book chapter",
      "url": null,
      "note": "The direct precedent for this project's othering lens (A6) and for the cross-subject method: it reads history, social studies and civics together rather than separately, on the argument that the enemy figure is assembled across subjects rather than stated in any one of them.",
      "bearing": "The methodological precedent for cross-subject thread analysis."
    },
    {
      "id": "saigol-2006",
      "authors": "Rubina Saigol",
      "year": "2006",
      "title": "The State and the Limits of Counter-Terrorism: The Case of Pakistan and Sri Lanka",
      "publisher": "Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan",
      "kind": "Monograph",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Connects education policy to security policy, with a comparative case. Relevant to the militarism axis (A5) and to the forward-looking argument about what curricula imply.",
      "bearing": "Militarism axis; the implications argument."
    },
    {
      "id": "saigol-2016",
      "authors": "Rubina Saigol",
      "year": "2016",
      "title": "Feminism and the Women's Movement in Pakistan: Actors, Debates and Strategies",
      "publisher": "Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Country Study",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Background for the gender axis (A7), and for reading textbook depictions of women against the actual movement history the books omit.",
      "bearing": "Gender axis context."
    },
    {
      "id": "rahman-sdpi-r09",
      "authors": "Tariq Rahman",
      "year": "1995",
      "title": "Language Planning and Politics in Pakistan",
      "publisher": "Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Research Report Series 9",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "First of six Rahman studies held here. Establishes language policy as the contested ground it remains — the reason this project records medium of instruction on every book and treats Urdu-medium and English-medium material as different objects.",
      "bearing": "Why medium is a variable, not a detail."
    },
    {
      "id": "rahman-sdpi-r14",
      "authors": "Tariq Rahman",
      "year": "1998",
      "title": "Language-Teaching Policies in Pakistan",
      "publisher": "Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Research Report Series 14",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Policy-level companion to the world-view study below.",
      "bearing": "Language policy background."
    },
    {
      "id": "rahman-sdpi-r15",
      "authors": "Tariq Rahman",
      "year": "1998",
      "title": "Language-Teaching and World View in Urdu Medium Schools in Pakistan",
      "publisher": "Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Research Report Series 15",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "The single most important item here for this project's largest blind spot. This corpus can only quote English-medium material, while most Pakistani pupils are taught in Urdu; Rahman read the Urdu-medium world view directly. Where this project says 'not established' about an Urdu absence, this is the work to consult instead.",
      "bearing": "Covers the gap this project cannot: the Urdu-medium world view."
    },
    {
      "id": "rahman-sdpi-r16",
      "authors": "Tariq Rahman",
      "year": "1998",
      "title": "Language-Teaching in Pakistani Madrassas",
      "publisher": "Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Research Report Series 16",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "The madrassa sector, which this project does not cover at all. Included so that the boundary of this corpus is visible rather than implied.",
      "bearing": "Marks a sector outside this corpus."
    },
    {
      "id": "rahman-sdpi-r20",
      "authors": "Tariq Rahman",
      "year": "1998",
      "title": "Language, Knowledge and Inequality",
      "publisher": "Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Research Report Series 20",
      "kind": "Report",
      "url": null,
      "note": "Connects medium of instruction to class stratification — the mechanism by which an English-medium and an Urdu-medium pupil in the same province receive materially different educations. Load-bearing for the socio-economic strand of the implications analysis.",
      "bearing": "Medium as a class mechanism."
    },
    {
      "id": "rahman-sdpi-w45",
      "authors": "Tariq Rahman",
      "year": "1999",
      "title": "Language Acquisition and Power: A Theoretical Framework",
      "publisher": "Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Working Paper Series 45",
      "kind": "Working paper",
      "url": null,
      "note": "The theoretical statement underlying the five reports above.",
      "bearing": "Theory behind the Rahman series."
    }
  ]
}